1. NT 4.0: Hold ‘em or fold ‘em? Is NT 4 obsolete or not? And should you upgrade?

2. Overview n Who’s retiring NT 4.0? n Who ever heard of retiring an OS? n Is anyone still using NT 4.0? n Why is this different than other retirements? n Why or why not upgrade? n Should you be forced to upgrade? n The bug that might make you upgrade n How to upgrade for less money

3. “Retired?” n You can’t buy NT 4.0 any more as of now n Currently: no support or hotfixes for NT 4.0 workstation n 1 Jan ’04: no more hotfixes except security holes for Server n 1 Jan ’05: no more premier or pay-per-incident support and no hotfixes no matter how bad the bug n (Side note: 98 dies in January)

4. Whointheheck retires OSes? n Actually it’s happened for years n For example, 95 and DOS and NT 4.0 workstation are retired n www.microsoft.com/windows/lifecycle/deskto p/business/default.mspx has details www.microsoft.com/windows/lifecycle/deskto p/business/default.mspx

5. How Do You Know? n Microsoft has a “life cycle support” policy announced last October n OSes are supported for seven years – Five years “mainstream” – Two years “extended” (still supported)

6. But people aren’t upgrading Why? n It’s not that 2003 or XP aren’t really neat tools n But change has a cost n See if this looks familiar:

7. Logical outcome: people upgrade more slowly!

8. Evidence n NT 4.0 is a seven year old OS n But people are still using it; in fact, many controller devices are only available in an NT 4.0 version n Imagine running NT 3.1 in 2000 n Consider version skipping; how many go – SQL 6.5-7.0-2000-2003? – Windows 98-NT 4-2000-XP? – How many still use Exchange 5.5?

9. Is something wrong? n No, it’s a natural side effect of any technology maturing n That’s a significant point n Note that this is not advice… it’s observation n Some simply cannot afford to upgrade without a life-and-death reason … that’s important n But it also means that “being an expert” gets tougher – you must know a wider range of OSes

10. Should I Upgrade to 2000/2003? Heavens yes, if you can afford it n Plug and Play n Active Directory n Group Policies n Centralized patch control n More secure out of the box n Far more efficient in many ways

11. Are There Down-Sides? n Cost: licenses and CALs n Risk: AD radically changes your NT 4.0 domain structure n Hardware: lots of circa 1998 hardware can’t run 2000, XP or 2003 n Time

12. Advice Before Upgrading n AD is the biggest part n It requires a fair amount of planning because AD has a lot of “one way doors” n 2003 has an advantage in that it’s a trifle more flexible n Fortunately there are nowadays many people with good solid experience who can help n If possible, do a clean rebuild rather than an upgrade

13. When Is an OS Obsolete? n While I prefer the newer OSes, I think it’s wrong of Microsoft to give NT 4 users the gate n I think users determine obsolescence, not companies n Not everyone needs the latest thing, or needs it ENOUGH n Not everyone can afford the latest thing n Hardware does not obsolete OSes anymore n Seven-year-old software is not unusual at all in other markets

14. Don’t Want To? Might have to! The bug that might kill NT 4.0 n A security hole might convince you to upgrade n KB 331953 reveals a potential denial of service hole in the RPC port mapper, which uses port 135 n Another “buffer overflow” problem n The same sort of problem as we saw in MS03-026

15. Severity n Does not allow an attacker to steal data from a system n Affects NT 4, 2000 and XP n 2000 and XP patched n NT 4 ISN’T… no patches for it

16. “Architecturally Impossible?” n MS patched 2000 and XP, but not NT 4 n Their reason: that it’s “architecturally impossible.” n This seems odd, as RPCs didn’t really CHANGE all that much from NT 4 to 2000… but there’s a 2000 fix n So with all respect, this seems suspect and, well, awfully convenient for MSFT shareholders n Which leads to the delicate “trust” issue

18. Why this isn’t acceptable n NT 4 has quite a bit of expected lifetime left n Unless they’re willing to buy the old copies back or offer free 2000 upgrades… n Merely saying “don’t put a system with port 135 on the Internet” is a workaround, not an answer – despite “expert” opinion, there’s nothing wrong with it, given patches, passwords and permissions n It supports what was basically NT’s main reason for existence for years… file serving n Worst of all, it sets a dangerous precedent

19. Possible Microsoft Options n Release a patch n Explain that the patch is impossible, and release source code to prove it n Develop a more complex patch and charge for it n Adopt the Pentium approach… offer free upgrades n Never have exposed the vulnerability in the first place if they knew they couldn’t fix it

20. Final Thought… for those who want the new but can’t afford it n For small businesses n Microsoft Action Pack n $300/year n Gives you Server 2003 Enterprise, Exchange, SQL Server, Visio, Office, more n 10 clients n www.microsoft.com/actionpack

21. Thanks! n My sincere thanks for attending n Free tech newsletter: www.minasi.comwww.minasi.com n Seminars and audio CDs there too n Active Directory design service also n email: help@minasi.comhelp@minasi.com