1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY With great edits by your dedicated KIS teachers!!!

2. After the Civil War (1861- 1865) ended, what should have been the responsibility of the U.S. government?

3. Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?

4. 13 th Amendment  Ratified in December, 1865.  Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.  Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

5. People like Rep. Thaddeus Stevens & Sen. Charles Sumner (MA) supported land reform What is that??? BTW, they were in the minority

7. President Andrew Johnson  How did he become President?  Southern Democrat.  White Supremacist.  Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union. Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!

8. Slavery is Dead?

9. LET Freedom Ring? Read p. 405/406 on Black CodesRead p. 405/406 on Black Codes Compare the lives of freed people under the Black Codes with their former lives as slaves.Compare the lives of freed people under the Black Codes with their former lives as slaves.

10. Black Codes  Purpose: * Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. * Restore pre-emancipation system of race relations.  Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

11. “The Radical Republicans” v. the President

12. BIG CHANGES…FOR A FEW YEARS

13. 14 th Amendment  Ratified in July, 1868. * Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people. * Insure against neo-Confederate political power. * Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy.  Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!

14. The Balance of Power in Congress StateWhite CitizensFreedmen SC291,000411,000 MS353,000436,000 LA357,000350,000 GA591,000465,000 AL596,000437,000 VA719,000533,000 NC631,000331,000

16. Sharecropping

17. Establishment of Historically Black Colleges in the South

18. 15 th Amendment  Ratified in 1870.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.  Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

19. Black Senate & House Delegates

20. The “Invisible Empire of the South”

21. What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)? http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=GOhUfdL0ifM http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=GOhUfdL0ifM

23. Northern Support for RECONSTRUCTION Wanes  “Other fish to fry…”  Corruption in the gov’t  Panic of 1873 [6-year $$$ depression].  Concern over westward expansion and Indian wars.  Other $$$ issues  And finally…a crazy election with a (looking back on it) tragic compromise

24. 1876 Presidential Election

25. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877

26. The “Compromise” of 1877 TROUBLE FOR AFRICAN- AMERICANS