1. Key domestic events after the 1890s SOL VUS.9

2. Open Door Policy The Secretary of State, John Hay, proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. The Secretary of State, John Hay, proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China.

3. President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments. Dollar Diplomacy

4. Growth in International Trade Occurred from the late 1800s to World War 1. Occurred from the late 1800s to World War 1. This was the first era of a true “global economy.”

5. Spanish American War Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States. The United States asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

6. Panama Canal & the Role of Theodore Roosevelt The United States encourage Panama’s independence from Colombia. The United States encourage Panama’s independence from Colombia. Parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal. Parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal.

7. Hawaii United States’ efforts depose Hawaii’s monarchy. U.S. annexes Hawaii.

8. Philippines This territory was Annexed after the Spanish American War. This territory was Annexed after the Spanish American War.

9. Open Door Policy Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, and observe fair competition. Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, and observe fair competition.

10. U.S. Involvement in World War I The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to War with Britain, France, and Russia. The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to War with Britain, France, and Russia.

11. For three years, America remained neutral, and there was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war. For three years, America remained neutral, and there was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war.

12. The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German submarine warfare (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain. The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German submarine warfare (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain.

13. Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” (Woodrow Wilson) Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” (Woodrow Wilson)

14. America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat. America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat.

15. Fourteen Points Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war. Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war.

16. Key Ideas Key Ideas Self-determination – This is the principle that it is the right of the people to determine their own government forms and structures. This was used to decide boundaries at the end of WWI. Self-determination – This is the principle that it is the right of the people to determine their own government forms and structures. This was used to decide boundaries at the end of WWI.

17. Freedom of the sea There would be freedom of the seas in war and in peace.

18. League of Nations This was the concept of Woodrow Wilson. He wanted an international association of nations to help settle disputes between countries through diplomacy and negotiations.

19. Mandate system German colonies were to be known as mandates. The control of German colonies would be under the administration of the League of Nations.

20. Treaty of Versailles The French and English insisted on punishment of Germany The French and English insisted on punishment of Germany

21. A League of Nations was created by the Treaty of Versailles. The United States was never a member of the League of Nations. A League of Nations was created by the Treaty of Versailles. The United States was never a member of the League of Nations.

22. National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations including: National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations including: Poland Poland Czechoslovakia CzechoslovakiaYugoslavia

23. League debate in the United States Objections to U.S. foreign policy decisions being made by an international organization, not by U.S. leaders, was a major reason for the Senate to reject the League and the Treaty of Versailles. Objections to U.S. foreign policy decisions being made by an international organization, not by U.S. leaders, was a major reason for the Senate to reject the League and the Treaty of Versailles.

24. Senate reluctance to give up control of foreign relations resulted in the Senate’s failure to approve Treaty of Versailles. Senate reluctance to give up control of foreign relations resulted in the Senate’s failure to approve Treaty of Versailles.

25. Causes of the Great Depression Overspeculation on stocks using borrowed money that could not be repaid when the stock market crashed in 1929 and stock prices collapsed.

26. The Federal Reserve took limited action to strengthen the weakened economy. Although it lowered interest rates, it did not act to prevent bank failures. Federal Reserve’s failure to prevent widespread collapse of the nation’s banking system in the late 1920s and early 1930s, led to severe contraction in the nation’s supply of money in circulation. The Federal Reserve took limited action to strengthen the weakened economy. Although it lowered interest rates, it did not act to prevent bank failures. Federal Reserve’s failure to prevent widespread collapse of the nation’s banking system in the late 1920s and early 1930s, led to severe contraction in the nation’s supply of money in circulation.

27. High protective tariffs that produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries strangled world trade. This included the Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the Hawley-Smoot Act. High protective tariffs that produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries strangled world trade. This included the Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the Hawley-Smoot Act.

28. Impact from the Great Depression Unemployment and homelessness Unemployment and homelessness Collapse of financial system (bank closings) Collapse of financial system (bank closings) Political unrest (growing militancy of labor unions) Political unrest (growing militancy of labor unions) Farm foreclosures and migration Farm foreclosures and migration

29. Mother Nature also contributed to the dire circumstances of the farmer during the Great Depression. Giant dust storms blew away the topsoil. Soon the area was known as the Dust Bowl. “Arkies” from Arkansas and “Okies” from Oklahama left the desolation of the Dust Bowl to settle in California.

30. New Deal (Franklin Roosevelt) This program changed the role of the government to a more active participant in solving problems. This program changed the role of the government to a more active participant in solving problems.

31. Roosevelt rallied a frightened nation in which one in four workers was unemployed. Roosevelt told the nation, “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.” Roosevelt rallied a frightened nation in which one in four workers was unemployed. Roosevelt told the nation, “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.”

32. Relief measures provided direct relief to people for immediate help. Relief measures provided direct relief to people for immediate help. The Works Progress Administration – WPA – provided work AND WAGES to the unemployed on useful projects.

33. Recovery programs were designed to bring nation out of depression Recovery programs were designed to bring nation out of depression The Agricultural Adjustment Administration – AAA – made available millions of dollars for farmers to meet their mortgages and also paid farmers to decrease crops in hopes of increasing crop prices.

34. Reform measures corrected unsound banking and investment practices Reform measures corrected unsound banking and investment practices The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – FDIC – insured deposits in banks.

35. Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers. Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers. This act was designed to provide security for old age.

37. 1. What country did Panama gain its independence from? Colombia

38. 2. After the Spanish American War, the United States gained the territory of _________________ which had been torn by insurrection. The Philippines

39. 3. What nation’s resources tipped the scale in favor of the Allied Powers and led to Germany’s defeat? The United States

40. 4. Why did the United States reject the League of Nations? The Senate did not want to give up control of foreign policy to the League of Nations.

41. 5. What was the main cause of the Great Depression? Overspeculation of stocks

42. 6. What effect did the high tariffs such as Smoot-Hawley have? World trade was harmed and this contributed to the Great Depression.

43. 7. What limited action did the Federal Reserve take to help the economy? It lowered interests but did not prevent bank failures.

44. 8. How did Mother Nature contribute to the Great Depression? The Dust Bowl caused farmers to loose their farms due to drought. Many of these farmers moved to California.

45. 9. Name three countries formed after WWI. Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia

46. 10. What did Great Britain and France insist on in the Treaty of Versailles? The punishment of Germany

47. 11. What was the goal of American expansionists? The goal was to expand markets for American goods. This would increase the export trade.

48. 12. What type of relief was given by the WPA? Direct relief

49. 13. What did the AAA do to try to help farmers? It paid farmers to not produce crops in hopes of increasing prices.

50. 14. What was a goal of the New Deal? To protect citizens and help them get back on their feet

51. 15. Why did the U. S. construct the Panama Canal? To increase trade routes