1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What does a plant need to survive? _________________
Which of the above is organic?____________

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical bond energy.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into glucose.

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis

6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Electron Micrograph of a chloroplast

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Formula for photosynthesis:

9. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

10. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Occurs in two phases: Light Phase Dark Phase
Occurs in the GRANA in the chloroplasts
Dark Phase
Occurs in the STROMA in the chloroplasts

11. Light Phase/Reaction Occurs only in the presence of light
Also called Photolysis
Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and oxygen
Also called Light Dependent Reaction

12. Light Phase/Reaction
Drawing of Photolysis:

13. Dark Phase/Reaction
In order for the DARK PHASE to occur, HYDROGEN has to be carried from the LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE.
This carrier molecule is called NADP.
When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is NADPH.

14. Dark Phase/Reaction Also called Light Independent Reaction
Also called Carbon Fixation.
In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from the atmosphere combines with HYDROGEN from the light reaction to form GLUCOSE.
ATP is diffused from the grana into the stroma for the dark reaction.

15. Carbon Fixation Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction:
CO2 + H2  2 PGAL  glucose

16. Factors Effecting Photosynthesis
Temperature
Light Intensity
Availability of Water
Elevation

17. Graphs for Photosynthesis

18. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Occurs in plants AND animals.
Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and CYTOPLASM.

19. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
The process by which energy in food molecules (glucose) is converted to a form that can be used by the cells (ATP).
Can be AEROBIC (uses O2) or ANAEROBIC (does NOT use O2)

20. CELL RESPIRATION
Picture

21. CELLULAR RESPIRATION ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate = ENERGY
Comes from chemical bonds breaking
The more bonds broken, the more energy made.
Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds.

22. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

23. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM
Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen.
Glucose is partially broken down.
Also called GLYCOLYSIS or FERMENTATION.
Produces:
Ethyl Alcohol ( in yeast)
Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).

24. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Pyruvic Acid
produced by the breakdown of sugars during GLYCOLOSIS

25. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Formula

26. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Making ATP USING oxygen.
Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA
More energy efficient than anaerobic respiration (releases more energy).
Bonds in glucose are completely broken down.

27. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Formula: O2
C6H12O6 + 2ATP  Pyruvate  CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP O2

28. Steps of Aerobic Respiration
1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration)
Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down
Produces 4 ATP (gross)

29. Steps of Aerobic Respiration
2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Produces citric acid, which is then broken down
Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down, releasing CO2

30. Steps of Aerobic Respiration
3. Electron Transport Chain
Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down.
Releases H2O

31. AEROBIC RESPIRATION

32. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Lactic acid

33. CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

34. CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS