1. Respiration Let’s get energized!! Brain Pop Movie

2. Cellular Respiration The breaking down of food by mitochondria to produce ATP

3. How is energy “packaged” for the cell? ATP!

4. Definitions What does aerobic mean? So what does anaerobic mean?

5. Breaking it down There are three main stages of cellular respiration: Glycolysis (anaerobic) Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic) Electron Transport Chain (ETC - aerobic)

6. - Tidbits - Carried out by both plant and animal cells. Does not occur at any set time

7. The ultimate goal MAKE ENERGY!!! Disassemble carbohydrates into glucose molecules Use this glucose to produce energy-rich ATP molecules.

8. The Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 36 ATP Does this look familiar? 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Where is energy in each reaction? Why?

9. Glycolysis Glycolysis literally means "to break apart glucose". Breaks down a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid Occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of a cell

10. Glycolysis Can be broken down into two major stages: –Glucose activation –Energy harvest

11. What is next? What happens when no O 2 is present? Why would this happen?

12. Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid when no oxygen is available. Builds up in muscles during strenuous exercise.

13. Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?

14. Alcoholic Fermentation 2 step process to change pyruvic acid to ethanol. Wine, beer, and bread.

15. Another Example This fermentation process, rather than producing lactic acid, produces ethanol commonly referred to as alcohol and CO 2 from pyruvic acid.

16. What is next? When O 2 present – where does pyruvate go?

17. Moving from Glycolysis to the Citric Acid Cycle Large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria make it highly permeable to pyruvic acid molecules As pyruvate is moving from the cytosol to the mitochondrion, a microenzyme removes one carbon and two oxygen from each molecule, producing Aceytl CoA (2C).

18. Krebs Cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle Each cycle produces: 1 ATP3 NADH & 3 H+ ions 2 CO 2 1 FADH 2 (energy molecule) + 3H +

19. Biology Homework for week of Feb 21 - 25 Mon Muscle Fatigue Analysis Tues Photo/Resp. Review Wks Weds IRT Field Trip-Bring Lunch Review Th Ch. 9 Test Today Fri Genetics 101

20. The Electron Transport Chain: Most of the energy locked in the original glucose molecule will be released by the ETC.

21. Electron Transport Network of electron-carrying proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The proteins pass the electrons from one to the next. Produces 32-34 ATP!

22. Another look:  Glycolysis –Breaks glucose (6 C) into pyruvate (3 C) –Anaerobic –Makes 2 ATP  Citric Acid Cycle –Starts Acetyl CoA –Happens inside mitochondria –Aerobic –Makes 2 ATP, 2 CO 2 & electron carriers  Electron Transport Chain (ETC) –Uses electron carries to make A LOT of ATP (36 or 38) –Happens in mitochondrial membranes –Aerobic

23. glucoseoxygen OO6 energy released O HH 6 water COO6 carbon dioxide Burning glucose

24. glucose OO 6 oxygen O HH 6 water energy COO6 carbon dioxide Photosynthesis

25. Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise? Explain the Relationship between Muscle Fatigue and Cellular Respiration

26. Pre-Lab Questions Describe some situations when we are unable to maintain or supply the demand for oxygen for certain muscles? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________________ Can muscles move (contract) without moving our joints? Explain. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration, and anaerobic respiration lactic (acid fermentation). How much more energy does the aerobic respiration produce? How are the reactants delivered to the cell? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O +36 ATP Sugar (glucose) → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)

27. Comparision