1. Metabolism Metabolism = all chemical reactions in the body –Catabolism = breaks down molecules Energy released  exergonic released energy can be used to make ATP –Cellular Respiration –Anabolism = adds molecules together/makes larger molecules Requires energy input energy supplied by ATP creates energy storage molecules and build new/needed molecules 5-3

2. Cellular Respiration The breakdown of nutrient molecules to make/generate ATP –Aerobic respiration: uses/requires O2 –Anaerobic respiration: does not use O2

3. ATP-ADP Cycle ATP ADP Phosphate + Energy from broken covalent bond in nutrients (e.g., carbs) Phosphate + Usable energy for cell Catabolic rxn  ATP production (i.e., phosphorylation of ADP)

4. “downhill rxns” “uphill rxns”

6. Coupled Reactions: Oxidation-Reduction Oxidation=losing electrons Reduction=gaining electron Reduction & oxidation are coupled reactions –As a e- is transferred one molecule is oxidized and the other reduced –NAD and FAD H carriers (& coenzymes) Derived from niacin and riboflavin (B vitamins) 4-29 O.I.L. R.I.G.

8. Cellular Respiration and nutrient sources 5-4 In later lecture

9. Aerobic Respiration (~26+ steps)

10. Review of Relevant Compartments A.Plasma B.Interstitial Fluid C.Intracellular cytoplasm D.Mitochodria e.Mitochondrial matrix f.Intermembrane space A B C E F D

11. SUPER SIMPLE, OVERALL REACTION: AEROBIC RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 + P + ADP  ATP + H 2 O + CO 2 + HEAT substrates

12. Aerobic Respiration: Breakdown of nutrients to produce ATP with the use of O2 A complex biochemical pathway that has several major steps –Glyocolysis: breakdown of glucose into pyruvate WHEN SUFFICIENT O2 IS PRESENT WILL PROCEED TO: –Conversion of pyruvate into acetylCoA –Krebs Cycle: processing of Acetyl CoA to release H’s (p+ & e-) for the ETC –Electron Transport Chain: the use of e- and H+ to create ATP through oxidative phophorylation, uses O2 and produces H2O SUPER SIMPLE, OVERALL REACTION: C6H12O6 + O2 + P + ADP  ATP + H2O + CO2 + HEAT

14. NAD & FAD can be though of as electron (e-) carriers. They carry e- to the ETC

16. Krebs Cycle 5-18 NADH FADH2 ATP

22. Function of Oxygen Electrons added to beginning of ETC are passed along until reach end –Have to be given away or would stop ETC –O 2 accepts these electrons and combines with 4H + s O 2 + 4 e - + 4 H +  2 H 2 0 5-25

25. ATP Synthase animations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7P4xOUPYVw w/ fluorescent actin and reversible rxn (skip) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY (good tutorial on gradients and chemiosmosis)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&feature =relmfu (tutorial of etc, more detail then needed, but nice animation)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&feature =relmfu

26. Uses of Different Energy Sources 5-48

28. deamination Beta oxidation

29. Acetyl CoA Is a common substrate for energy and synthetic pathways 5-34

31. Cori Cycle Some skeletal muscle lactic acid goes to liver –Where it is converted back through pyruvic acid to glucose and glycogen Example of gluconeogenesis Also can happen with amino acids and glycerol –Liver can release glucose for uptake and processing by other cells 5-15

32. Cori Cycle Some skeletal muscle lactic acid goes to liver –Where it is converted back through pyruvic acid to glucose and glycogen Example of gluconeogenesis Also can happen with amino acids and glycerol –Liver can release glucose for uptake and processing by other cells 5-15

33. 5-30