1. China in the Middle Ages
Chapter 12

2. Section 1
China Reunites

3. Rebuilding China’s Empire
China’s Han Empire ended in AD 220 because there was no central government. As a result, China broke in 17 separate kingdoms.
Warlords military leaders who run a government, fought with each other while nomads conquered parts of northern China.
Korea fought to control their own land.

4. The Sui Dynasty Reunites China
AD 581, China was reunited when a general who called himself Wendi declares himself emperor and founded the Sui Dynasty.
Wendi’s son, Yangdi took control after his death and tried to conquer the Koreans, but were badly defeated.
Yangdi did build the Grand Canal, a system of water ways that linked the Chang Jiang and Huang He rivers.
Yangdi treated his citizens poorly and soon after his death, the Sui Dynasty came to an end.

5. The Tang Dynasty
AD 618, one of Yangdi’s generals took over China and started the Tang Dynasty
Capital was Changan
Taizong
Restored civil service exam system
Empress Wu

6. The Song Dynasty AD
Time of prosperity and cultural achievement
Tibet broke away
Capital was moved further south to Hangzhou

7. Buddhism Spreads to China
Early Tang rulers were not Buddhists, but they allowed it to be practiced.
Chinese monks and nuns began living in monasteries
Many believed monks and nuns weakened the family life, because they were not allowed to marry.
AD 845, the Tang had many Buddhist monasteries destroyed and the faith never fully recovered in China.

8. Chinese Buddhism Spreads East
Several hundred years after breaking away from China, Korea remained as many independent kingdoms.
AD 300s, the Chinese Buddhist brought their religion to Korea
AD 660, Korea united to form one country.
Buddhism will eventually spread to Japan.

9. New Confucian Ideas
The Tang dynasty gave its support to a new kind of Confucianism called neo-Confucianism.
This was initially created to reduce the popularity of Buddhism.
Civil Service Exams

10. Section 2
Chinese Society

11. A Growing Economy
When the Tang took power in AD 618, it brought peace to the countryside and gave more land to farmers.
Irrigation improved
Developed a new kind of rice that grew well in poor soil
Built roads and waterways
Silk fabric
Porcelain made of fine clay and baked at high temperatures

12. New Technology China discovered coal and steel during the Tang dynasty
AD 868, the earliest known printed b ooks came about.
Diamond Sutra
Gunpowder
Firelance, ancestor of the gun
1150 Chinese sailors began using a compass

13. Art and Literature
Changan
Li Bo
Duo Fu
Painting
Caligraphy

14. Name the two most important items traded on the Silk Road.
Bellringer For 1/31/13
Name the two most important items traded on the Silk Road.

15. Section 3
The Mongols in China

16. The Mongols
Mongolia
Made up of tribes
steppes

17. Who Was Genghis Khan? He was named Temujin, which means “blacksmith”
1206, a meeting of Mongol leaders took place somewhere in the Gobi and Temujin was elected Genghis Khan, which means “strong ruler”
Created a new group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaigns
Gathered an army of more than 100,000 warriors
1211, Mongol forces invaded China and within 3 years had taken all of northern China.
Became known for uses of terror

18. Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan died in 1227 and his empire was divided among his four sons.
1258 Baghdad fell to the Mongols
Empire reached Pacific Ocean in the east and Eastern Europe in the west.
Eventually brought peace

19. Mongol rule in China
1260, the Mongols named Genghis Khan’s grandson new khan, or ruler.
Kublai Khan continued Mongol conquest
1264 Kublai moved the capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq in northern China.
Today this is the modern city of Beijing.
1271, Kublai Khan decided to conquer China and within 10 years, they had conquered southern China.
Marco Polo
Trade and Conquest

20. Bellringer for 2/1/13 “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.”
What can you take from this quote to apply to your life?
3-5 Sentences

21. BellRinger for 2/4/13
Name 3 achievements of China in the Medieval period.
(You can look through your text)

22. Section 4
The Ming Dynasty

23. The Rise of the Ming
Kublai Khan died in 1294 and Mongol power began to decline.
A series of rebellions finally drove out the Mongols.
1368, Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor and set up his capital at Nanjing in southern China.
Founded the Ming or “brilliant” dynasty.
He would take the name of Hong Wu, or the “Military Emperor”
Killed officials he suspected of treason (disloyalty to the government)
Ruled for 30 years until he died in 1398, when his son, Yong Le took power.

24. The Rise of the Ming
Yong Lee worked hard to show that he was a powerful emperor
1421, he moved the capital north to Beijing.
Built a large city with many palaces that became known as the Forbidden City.
Only top officials could enter the Forbidden City.

27. How Did the Ming Reform China?
Made Civil Service Exams even harder.
Restored many canals and bridges that had been destroyed by the Mongols.
Replanted forests
Paved new roads
Repaired and expanded the Grand Canal

28. Chinese Culture
Novels
Dramas

29. China Explores the World
Ming emperors built a large fleet of ships to explore the world and spread their influence.
, Yong Le sent fleets overseas to show off China’s power
The leader of these expeditions was Zheng He
First fleet was 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, and 28,000 men
Zheng He took his first fleet to southeast Asia.
He would later go to India, the Persian Gulf, and even landed in East Africa.
Brought giraffes back to the emperor’s zoo.

30. Zheng He Chinese merchants will settle in India and southeast Asia
After Zheng He’s death, the Confucian officials persuaded the next emperor to stop these voyages.

31. Europeans Arrive in China
1514, a fleet from Portugal arrived in China
This was the first time Europeans had arrived in China and first direct contact since Marco Polo.
The Portuguese wanted to trade with the Chinese and also wanted to convert them to Christianity.
The Chinese thought the Europeans were barbarians, or uncivilized people.
Initially, the Chinese refused to trade with the Portuguese, but by 1600, they had allowed Portugal to set up a trading post at the port of Macao.
Many Jesuit priests began to work in China as well.

32. Fall of the Ming

33. Chapter 12 Study Guide

34. Matching Sui Dynasty Diamond Sutra Yangdi Porcelain Song Dynasty
Genghis Khan
Zhu Yuanzhang
Novels
Jesuits
Marco Polo

35. Identifications Chinese printing press Mongols Gunpowder
Civil Service Exams
Compass
Forbidden City
Confucian ideas about exploration
Tang Dynasty and steel
Purpose of the Census

36. Identifications
Yuan Dynasty
Jesuits

37. Essays
How did Zheng He’s travels affect China? Why did some officials object?
What Chinese inventions allowed the printing of books? Describe why printing was so important.
Describe how the Mongols were able to build a vast empire.