1. DO NOW: WHAT COUNTRIES TODAY ARE RULED BY KINGS & QUEENS? WHAT KIND OF DECISIONS DO THEY MAKE FOR THE PEOPLE IN THEIR COUNTRIES? Chapter 18 ~ lesson 4

2. Concept: Why did Judea lose its independence to Roman rule? Groups within the Hasidim Essenes Pharisees Sadducees

3. Chapter 18 ~ lesson 4 Judea was a translation for Judah. The Pious party, the Hasidim, began to fight among themselves. Three different groups within the Hasidim formed: the Essenes, the Pharisees, and the Sadducees. When the king of Judea died, his wife Alexandra took control. Her two sons both wanted to be king and high priest, so a civil war broke out. Rome sensed this trouble, and so Pompey the Great sent troops to settle the war in Judea. Pompey invaded Judea and captured Jerusalem. From 63 BC on, many Jews and Romans were killed.

4. Chapter 18 ~ lesson 4

5. Herod Rules in Judea  In 30 BC, peace returned to Judea, but under Roman rule.  The Jews doubted Herod’s belief in the one true God.  Herod was concerned with pleasing the Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. Herod appointed his own people, encouraged Greek and Roman culture, and crucified those who opposed him.  The Romans liked what Herod was doing so he was made king of Judea.  To please Rome, Herod raised taxes which angered to people of Judea.

6. Chapter 18 ~ lesson 4 Questions: 1. What did Judah’s name change to? 2. Why did a civil war break out in Judea? 3. Who was Pompey the Great? 4. Why was Herod hated by the Jews and admired by the Romans?