1. Soviet Union

2. Five Year Plans First Five Year Plan—1928-1932 focused on collectivization and heavy industry Second Five Year Plan—1933-1937 continued the task— 56% increase in food production Third Year Plan—1938-1941 focused on industry and moved production to armaments as threat of war emerged. http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/soviet-union/soviet-union314.html, visited 1 October 2003

3. Collectivization COLLECTIVE FARMS OF THE USSR, 1929-1940 Year No. of collective farms in 1,000's Sown area of collect- ive farms, mill. h/ares % of collective sown area serviced by MTS 192957.04.2- 193085.938.127.4 1931211.179.037.1 1932211.191.549.3 1033224.693.658.7 1934233.398.663.9 1935245.4104.572.4 1936242.2110.582.8 1937243.7116.091.2 1938242.4117.293.3 1939241.1114.994.0 1940236.3117.694.5 (N.B. - The decrease in the numbers of collective farms after 1935 was due to the merging of small collective farms in a number of districts), http://www.dur.ac.uk/~dml0www/collfarm.html, visited 29 September 2003

4. Kazakh S.S.R http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/ussr.htm_map.html, visited 1 opctober 2003

5. Dead-One Estimate Peasant dead: 1930-3711,000,000 Arrested in this period dying in camps later3,500,000 Total14,500,000 Of these: Dead as a result of dekulakization6,500,000 Dead in the Kazakh catastrophe1,000,000 Dead in the 1932-33 famine:7,000,000 in Ukraine 5,000,000 in the North Caucasus1,000,000 elsewhere1,000,000 DeMesserman, J., How Many Died, http://web.qx.net/jon/stalin.html#The%20Great%20Terror, visited 1 October 2003

6. Purges-The Great Terror Stalin consolidated his power against real or imagined enemies. The assassination of Kirov, a close confidant of Stalin, marked the beginning of Stalin's display that he was more than willing to shed Bolshevik blood. Stalin used the NKVD and show trials to dismember and eliminate all opposition. DeMesserman, J., How Many Died, http://web.qx.net/jon/stalin.html#The%20Great%20Terror, visited 1 October 2003

7. Purges-The Great Terror By the end of 1938 almost every important old Bolshevik had been executed: Bukharin, Rykov, and Krestinsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev. Tomsky committed suicide. The last holdout, Trotsky, was murdered in 1940. Against minor Party officials, Conquest provides estimates of 1 million executed and 2 million dying in the camps, with 1 million and 8 million remaining in the prisons and camps, respectively, at the end of 1938.

8. The Army Rapoport and Alexeev report that 620 general officers of the armed forces and 31 flag officers of the Soviet Navy died in the repressions between 1935 and 1940. According to the numbers presented by Conquest this removed 84% of the armed forces’ strategic commanders and 94% of its ranking political officers. Conquest and Rapoport/Alexeev conservatively put the loss at 27,000 and 20-25,000 respectively, allowing that it could have been much greater, upwards of 50 percent of the officer corps. DeMesserman, J., How Many Died, http://web.qx.net/jon/stalin.html#The%20Great%20Terror, visited 1 October 2003

9. The Results Coal production increased by factor of 10, not 10% Steel output by factor of 18 Engineering and metal industries by factor of 150 Total national income by factor of 10 Industrial output by factor of 24 Annual capital investment (c. 40 billion rubles in 1940) by factor of 57. During the First Five Year Plan (1928-late 1932), 51 billion rubles were invested During the Second, 114 During the Third, 192. http://lists.econ.utah.edu/pipermail/leninist-international/1998-July/000205.html, visited 1 October 2003

10. The Results (continued) Between 1913 (roughly comparable in most fields of production to the levels of 1927) and 1940: Oil production increased from 9 to 35 million tons Coal from 29 to 164 million tons Pig-iron from 4 to 15 million tons Steel from 4 to 18million tons Machine tools from 1,000 to 48,000 units Tractors from 0 to over 500,000 units Harvester combines from 0 to 153,500 Electrical power output from 2 billion kilowatt hours to 50 billion Value of industrial output from 11 billion rubles to more than 100 billion by 1938.

11. The Results-continued Factory/office workers grew: 7,300,000 to 30,800,000 and School/college students grew: 7,900,000 to 36,600,000. If the estimated volume of total industrial production in 1913 were to be taken as 100, the corresponding indices for 1938 are 93.2 for France; 113.3 for England, 120 for the United States; 131.6 for Germany and 908.8 for the Soviet Union. Agriculturally: 1924-1940: The cultivated area of the USSR expanded by 74% Grain crops increased 11% 56% increase in overall food production

12. WWII The single most devastating event by far was World War II, commonly referred to in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War. Estimates vary, but an absolute population decline of some 20 to 25 million seems quite plausible. There were 194 million people reportedly living in the Soviet Union in 1940. Only 209 million were counted by the census of 1959 instead of the roughly 234 million that might have been expected, given a moderate rate of growth. Russia wins the war with its greater industrial might and manpower Soviet Union, http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/soviet-union/soviet-union83.html, visited 1 October 2003