1. 5:4 Two types of workers in the U.S. In the 1800's – Craft Workers: specialized skill and training – Common Laborers: few skills and lower wages ● As Industrialization began (1830's), Trade Unions began forming

2. 5:4 ● Industrial Unions ● United all workers of one particular industry ● Business leaders viewed unions as conspiracies and a violation of private property – Created a “blacklist” (list of “troublemakers”)

3. 5:4 ● Marxism ● Developed by Karl Marx ● Capitalism = class struggle (rich v poor) ● Workers would eventually seize control and overthrow the government ● Government would own all private property ● All wealth would be distributed evenly

4. 5:4 ● U.S. Labor Force and Marxism ● Many labor leaders and supporters agreed with Marx – But did not believe in a violent overthrow of government ● Anarchists – Believe society does not need government – Believes violence is an acceptable way to overturn government – Very few labor supporters were Anarchists

5. 5:4 ● The Struggle to Organize ● Panic of 1873 (severe economic downturn) ● B&O Railroad cut wages ● Railroad workers across the country walked off the job ● Tracks torn up, equipment smashed ● 100 people dead

6. 5:4 ● Knights of Labor (1869) ● Opposed strikes ● Used “boycotts” instead ● Supported “arbitration” – A third party tries to help employers and workers reach an agreement

7. 5:4 ● Haymarket Riot (1886) (Chicago) ● Nationwide strike on May 1 ● In support of the eight-hour workday

8. 5:4 ● Homestead Strike (p204) ● Pullman Strike (p204) ● “Injunction” - a formal court order directing the union to stop the boycott (strike)

9. 5:4 ● American Federation of Labor (AFL) ● The dominate union in the late-1800's ● Created when several unions joined together to create one large union ● Samuel Gompers -president of AFL ● 3 main goals of the AFL – Recognize the unions right to exist – “Closed Shops” (could only hire union members) – 8-hour workday

10. 5:4 ● IWW ● “Industrial Workers of the World” ● More radical than AFL – Socialists ● Wanted all workers united as one, regardless if “skilled” or “unskilled” ● Had limited success ● WTUL ● Women's Trade Union League – 8-hour workday – Minimum wage – Abolition of child labor ●