1. The EXER-STATION “Concept” Group members: Tarafa M. Al-Awaj Bichar Myrtil Project advisor: Dr. Marshall Summar

2. Concept? Project 100% operational… Project 100% operational… Project meets 100% of criteria… Project meets 100% of criteria… Project not yet ready for market production. Project not yet ready for market production. Why did this happen? 1 st Project. 1 st Project. Lack of resources: Lack of resources: 1. Time 2. Money More detailed explanation will be given later... More detailed explanation will be given later...

3. Dr. Marshall Summar  Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt.  Associate Professor of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics at Vanderbilt. Met in November of 2003. Met in November of 2003. Interested in helping children (ages 8-18) with the genetic disease PKU. Interested in helping children (ages 8-18) with the genetic disease PKU. We gladly joined him on this mission. We gladly joined him on this mission.

4. Phenylketonuria (PKU) Genetic disorder characterized by he absence or deficiency of an enzyme that is responsible for processing the essential amino acid phenylalanine. Genetic disorder characterized by he absence or deficiency of an enzyme that is responsible for processing the essential amino acid phenylalanine. Abnormal phenylalanine accumulation in the blood is toxic to brain tissue. Abnormal phenylalanine accumulation in the blood is toxic to brain tissue.

5. It is estimated that PKU occurs in one in 20,000 newborns in the United States. It is estimated that PKU occurs in one in 20,000 newborns in the United States. Equally frequent in males and females. Equally frequent in males and females. ≈ 27,200 individuals in the USA. ≈ 27,200 individuals in the USA. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

6. Without treatment, most infants with PKU develop: Mental retardation (IQ < 80), and additional neurological symptoms… Mental retardation (IQ < 80), and additional neurological symptoms… which lead to introverted children. which lead to introverted children. A low metabolism… A low metabolism… which leads to overweight, even obese children. which leads to overweight, even obese children. PKU Effects

7. Spend almost all and any time available playing video games. Spend almost all and any time available playing video games. Get little or no exercise, day in day out. Get little or no exercise, day in day out. PKU Children Compound problems and lead to deterioration of their general health and quality of life. Compound problems and lead to deterioration of their general health and quality of life.

8. Other Pertinent Factors A large portion of PKU children share these factors in common: Some physical limitations. Some physical limitations. Lower socio-economic background (limited financial resources). Lower socio-economic background (limited financial resources). Parents low in motivation. Parents low in motivation. Other limited resources (e.g. education). Other limited resources (e.g. education).

9. The Bigger Issue "We have noticed that children in America are tending more toward obesity [& less general fitness] than in decades past; Part of it is due to sedentary lifestyles that kids are getting into. Rather than run in the woods, they've got Game Boy, Nintendo and television." - Discovery_Channel.com/Health - Discovery_Channel.com/Health Dec 2003 Dec 2003

10. Alternate Solutions DRUG ADMINSTRATION (e.g., Amphetamines) DRUG ADMINSTRATION (e.g., Amphetamines) Adverse Psychological Effect/Damage. Adverse Psychological Effect/Damage. Possibly Addictive (dependency). Possibly Addictive (dependency). PERSONAL TRAINER/THERAPIST PERSONAL TRAINER/THERAPIST Expensive (cost factor). Expensive (cost factor). Lack of Independent Motivation. Lack of Independent Motivation.

11. Ideal Solution From the IWB ideation process: Find an alternative way to obtain (exercise) that offers the following: eliminates, reduces, or prevents (weak muscles), (obesity) and (health problems), and is not influenced by (Addiction to video games) and (PKU).

12. Solution Motivate to independently exercise. Incorporate aerobic physical activity into video game play. Substitute some “finger-activated” commands with “leg-activated” ones. Allow patient to remain seated. Aid in improving patient health and morale. _______________________________________ EXER-STATION

13. Aims 1 hour of Exer-Station = 20 minute Brisk Walk 20 minute Brisk WalkOR 4 minute Sprint OR Approximately 86 Calories!

14. Design of EXER-STATION Consists of 3 main components: 1. Device: I. Wheel II. Trainer: i. Structure ii. Resistance III. Generator 2. Circuit 3. Controller

15. Up/Down commands of the Left analog stick will be replaced by pedal motion. All other commands will remain intact and function through hand controller. Controller Each analog stick controlled by two 10K pots. 3 pins of pot are: i) Ground, ii) Signal, iii) 3.44V source. At Center, signal = 1.72V, (range 1.35V - 2.05V) At max Up, signal = 3.15V At max Down, signal =.5V

16. Device: Wheel United 24-inch Adult Trainer, Item # UNU24AT-27. diameter = 24” crank arm length = 6”

17. Volare Mag Trainer w/Elastogel and Remote. Magnetic resistance unit with 5 different levels of adjustment. Resistance shaft diameter = 1.25” Device: Trainer & Resistance w = 27 lbs d1 = 14” d2 = 17” h = 30” l1 = 2” l2 = 8” h = 30” c = 17.5”

18. Output from generator will be smoothed, summed, and scaled via the circuit to produce a DC current from 0.5V to 3.15V for maximum down/up motion of left analog stick, respectively. Device: DC Generator RadioShack hobby motor, model# 273-255. 12V DC motor. 1.3A @ 11,500 rpm. Produces 350mV per 100 rpm. Coupled with shaft of resistance.

19. Circuit

20. The final setup will look something like this. The final setup will look something like this.

21. Additional Parameters Pedaling speed Range: 40rpm – 120rpm Pedaling speed Range: 40rpm – 120rpm Below 40:- Strains joints Below 40:- Strains joints Above 120:- Efficiency falls off Above 120:- Efficiency falls off Ratio of wheel to resistance shaft rpm : Ratio of wheel to resistance shaft rpm : π * d wheel : π * d rs π * d wheel : π * d rs 24 : 1.25 20 : 1 Actual ratio 18-14:1 (due to frictional slips). Actual ratio 18-14:1 (due to frictional slips).

22. Results Kids play ≈ 6 hours/day Kids play ≈ 6 hours/day Use ≈ 100 Calories/hour Use ≈ 100 Calories/hour Expend ≈ 600 Calories/day!!! Expend ≈ 600 Calories/day!!!

23. Game Play Design and Tested To Work Best w/ Motion Games such as 007 Agent under fire. Design and Tested To Work Best w/ Motion Games such as 007 Agent under fire. Or Simple Maneuver such as Pac-Man Or Simple Maneuver such as Pac-Man

24. TIME CHART DecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril Preliminary research Extensive research Feedback Design Prototype Testing

25. Work Remaining Safety Issues Safety Issues Aesthetics Aesthetics Perf-boarding Perf-boarding Hardwiring Hardwiring Playing, playing, and more playing. Playing, playing, and more playing.

26. BUDGET $400 Initial Budget (from Dr. Summar) $400 Initial Budget (from Dr. Summar) Playstation II Console ($200) Playstation II Console ($200) Multiple Controllers ($75) Multiple Controllers ($75) Three Games ($150) Three Games ($150) Additional $350 Requested (from Dr. King’s Grant) Additional $350 Requested (from Dr. King’s Grant) Leg Activated Elements Leg Activated Elements Unicycle ($125) Unicycle ($125) Mag. Trainer ($150) Mag. Trainer ($150) DC Generator ($25) DC Generator ($25) Wires Wires LEDs LEDs Chips Chips Circuit Board Circuit Board Decorative Design/ Aesthetics Decorative Design/ Aesthetics Miscellaneous Miscellaneous

27. Concept to Market Issues to be addressed first: Size Size Adjustability Adjustability Power source Power source Price Price

28. MARKET POTENTIAL Ages 8+ Ages 8+ Hospital Patients Hospital Patients Obese Individuals Obese Individuals Individuals concerned about fitness Individuals concerned about fitness General Video Game Audience General Video Game Audience

29. ADVISORS ADVISORS Paul H. King, PhD., P.E.: Paul H. King, PhD., P.E.: -Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt. -Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Vanderbilt. -Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at Vanderbilt. -Instructor of the senior Biomedical Engineering design course at Vanderbilt. Marshall Summar, M.D.: Marshall Summar, M.D.: -Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt. -Associate Professor of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics at Vanderbilt. VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY -lab space -machine shop -research facilities -software -help purchase necessary tools/equipment SECOND BASE -back-up location when primary lab not available RESOURCES