1. André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Default Road Load
Handed over from phase 1a:
calculation method for default road load parameters may be used
the parameters can be reviewed (based on future data) .
Situation:
At IWG#7 the RDW (André Rijnders) took initiative to develop an alternative methodology for the default RL parameters
At IWG#8 (Pune) an initial proposal (hybrid methodology) was presented and discussed
At IWG#9 the ACEA Task Force LCV offered to develop the methodology jointly with RDW/TNO
At IWG#10 a new initial proposal was presented
At IWG #11 Concept of road load matrix family was accepted. Further work in TF.
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

2. André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Default Road Load
Method for the calculation of road load based on vehicle parameters
Road Load Matrix Family (new GTR proposal from TF)
Default Road Load (in GTR, no change)
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

3. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Work in the TF
TF Leaders:
André Rijnders (RDW/ NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann (ACEA, replaced Wouter Vandermeulen)
TF Members:
Rob Cuelenaere (TNO), Iddo Riemersma (T&E), Matthias Hülswitt (DAI), Stefan Klimek (DAI), Claudia Walawski (DAI)
Meetings
Tele web meetings in July and Augusts
The WLTP annex 4 meeting on the 27th of August
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

4. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Actual Situation
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Work in TF
Discussion on the remarks from T&E on the safety margin downwards during 11th WLTP IWG; proposal x-factor 0,8.
ACEA confirmed downward x-factor 0,8
Adopted x-factors: downward 0,8 and upward 0,95
(no further discussion needed in IWG)
Clarification on Road Load Matrix Family (RLMF) / steps in the process
GTR Drafting for RLMF
Proposal send to Annex 4 TF for comments
Proposal send to 12th WLTP IWG (WLTP rev1)
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

5. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Actual Situation
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Complexity in the large van segment
Step I
Step II
input
Chassis dyno testing: Emissions and CO2 +
Road Load Matrix values
for vehicle H and vehicle L
Cycle energy is given by Road Load Matrix Family calculations.
The Vehicle L and H setting cycle energy based vehicle parameters of mass, average RR and frontal area and not on dedicated rolling resistance and aerodynamics measurements.
The interpolation method for CO2 emissions and the fuel consumption for individual vehicle can be used. Interpolation family applicable.
Coast down representative vehicle
Road Load Matrix Family
Coast down representative vehicle
Extrapolation calculation method for other vehicle parameters (family) with safety margin:
Frontal area
Rolling resistance
Mass
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

6. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Process Chart
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Representative Vehicle
Coast Down
RL= f0r, f1r, f2r 1
RL= f0r, f1r, f2r
Least Squares regression analyses
f0r, f2r 2
𝑓0r=𝑓0r+3∗𝑓1r∗ 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 16
𝑓1r=0.0 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑡
𝑓2r=𝑓2r+ 15∗𝑓1r 16∗𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥
f0r, f2r; TM, Af, RR; TMr, Afr, RRr
Road Load Extrapolation
f0ind, f2ind; f0L, f2L; f0H, f2H 3
Step I
𝑓0 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥((0.05 𝑥 𝑓0𝑟 𝑥 (𝑓0𝑟 𝑥 𝑇𝑀/𝑇𝑀𝑟 + (𝑅𝑅 – 𝑅𝑅𝑟) 𝑥 9.81 𝑥 𝑇𝑀));
(0.2 𝑥 𝑓0𝑟 𝑥 (𝑓0𝑟 𝑥 𝑇𝑀/𝑇𝑀𝑟 + (𝑅𝑅 – 𝑅𝑅𝑟) 𝑥 9.81 𝑥 𝑇𝑀)))
𝑓2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥((0.05 𝑥 𝑓2𝑟 𝑥 𝑓2𝑟 𝑥 𝐴𝑓 / 𝐴𝑓𝑟);
(0.2 𝑥 𝑓2𝑟 𝑥 𝑓2𝑟 𝑥 𝐴𝑓 / 𝐴𝑓𝑟))
f0ind, f2ind; f0L, f2L; f0H, f2H
Calculation
Cycle Energy (CE)
E1, E2, E3 4
GTR Annex7: 5.Calculation of cycle energy demand
f0L, f2L; f0H, f2H
Measurement
CO₂
MCO₂,H, MCO₂,L 5
Step II
GTR Annex6: Standard CO2-GTR-Measurement procedure
E1,p ,E2,p, E3,p
MCO₂-H,p, MCO₂-L,p
CO₂ Interpolation (based on CE)
MCO₂-ind 6
𝑀𝐶𝑂₂−𝑖𝑛𝑑= 𝑝 𝑀𝐶𝑂₂−𝑖𝑛𝑑,𝑝 ∗𝑑𝑐,𝑝 𝑝 𝑑𝑐,𝑝
𝑀 𝐶𝑂 2 −𝑖𝑛𝑑, 𝑝 = 𝑀 𝐶𝑂 2 −𝐿,𝑝 + 𝐸 3,𝑝 − 𝐸 1, 𝑝 𝐸 2,𝑝 − 𝐸 1,𝑝 × 𝑀 𝐶𝑂 2 −𝐻,𝑝 − 𝑀 𝐶𝑂 2 −𝐿,𝑝
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

7. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

8. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3 meter
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

9. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

10. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
Road load with
safety margin
Road load with
safety margin
Real road load
Real road load
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
f0 = Max((0.05 x f0r x (f0r x TM/TMr + (RR – RRr) x 9.81 x TM));
(0.2 x f0r x (f0r x TM/TMr + (RR – RRr) x 9.81 x TM)))
f2 = Max((0.05 x f2r x f2r x Af / Afr);
(0.2 x f2r x f2r x Af / Afr))
Road load extrapolation formulas:
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

11. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3. CO2 measurement of vehicles L and H
 MCO2L, MCO2H (incl. safety margins Step I)
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

12. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
Real CO2 value
Real CO2 value
CO2 value with
safety margin
CO2 value with
safety margin
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3. CO2 measurement of vehicles L and H
 MCO2L, MCO2H (incl. safety margins Step I)
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

13. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3. CO2 measurement of vehicles L and H
 MCO2L, MCO2H (incl. safety margins Step I)
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
4. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of individual vehicle
 F0ind, F2ind (incl. safety margins)
Vehicle parameters:
Test mass,
RR,
Frontal area.
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

14. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
Road load with
safety margin
Real road load
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3. CO2 measurement of vehicles L and H
 MCO2L, MCO2H (incl. safety margins Step I)
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
4. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of individual vehicle
 F0ind, F2ind (incl. safety margins)
Road load extrapolation formulas:
f0 = Max((0.05 x f0r x (f0r x TM/TMr + (RR – RRr) x 9.81 x TM));
(0.2 x f0r x (f0r x TM/TMr + (RR – RRr) x 9.81 x TM)))
f2 = Max((0.05 x f2r x f2r x Af / Afr);
(0.2 x f2r x f2r x Af / Afr))
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

15. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3. CO2 measurement of vehicles L and H
 MCO2L, MCO2H (incl. safety margins Step I)
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
5. CO2 interpolation for ind. vehicle between L and H
 MCO2ind (incl. safety margins Step I)
4. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of individual vehicle
 F0ind, F2ind (incl. safety margins)
CO2 interpolation formulas:
M CO 2 −ind, p = M CO 2 −L,p + E ind,p − E L, p E H,p − E L,p × M CO 2 −H,p − M CO 2 −L,p
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV
M CO 2 −ind = p M CO 2 −ind, p × d c, p p d c,p

16. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
Real CO2 value
CO2 value with
safety margin
1. Coast down of representative vehicle
 F0r, F1r, F2r
3. CO2 measurement of vehicles L and H
 MCO2L, MCO2H (incl. safety margins Step I)
2. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of vehicles L and H
 F0L, F2L, F0H, F2H (incl. safety margins)
5. CO2 interpolation for ind. vehicle between L and H
 MCO2ind (incl. safety margins Step I)
4. Road load extrapolation (RLMF) of individual vehicle
 F0ind, F2ind (incl. safety margins)
CO2 interpolation formulas:
M CO 2 −ind, p = M CO 2 −L,p + E ind,p − E L, p E H,p − E L,p × M CO 2 −H,p − M CO 2 −L,p
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV
M CO 2 −ind = p M CO 2 −ind, p × d c, p p d c,p

17. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Example
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Step I
Step II
f0 = Max((0.05 x f0r x (f0r x TM/TMr + (RR – RRr) x 9.81 x TM));
(0.2 x f0r x (f0r x TM/TMr + (RR – RRr) x 9.81 x TM)))
f2 = Max((0.05 x f2r x f2r x Af / Afr);
(0.2 x f2r x f2r x Af / Afr))
M CO 2 −ind, p = M CO 2 −L,p + E ind,p − E L, p E H,p − E L,p × M CO 2 −H,p − M CO 2 −L,p
M CO 2 −ind = p M CO 2 −ind, p × d c, p p d c,p
CO2 = … g/km
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

18. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Output TF road load matrix family:
Draft text for amendments to GTR draft
(New) 5.8 Road load matrix family (general part)
technically permissible maximum laden mass ≥ 3000 kg.
same road load matrix family:
(a) Transmission type (e.g. manual, automatic, CVT);
(b) Number of powered axles;
(annex 4) (New) : Application of the road load matrix family
Representative test vehicle
Coast down test : F1 set to zero, coefficients f0 and f2 shall be recalculated with a least squares regression analyses. (same for on-board anemometry, torque measurement )
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

19. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
(annex 4)
5. Method for the calculation of default road load based on vehicle parameters
5.1. (new) Calculation of road load for vehicles based on a representative vehicle of a road load matrix family
(Calculation method for vehicle Lm and Hm (5.1.1) and individual vehicle (5.1.2) introduced)
5.2 Calculation of default road load based on vehicle parameters
C. (annex 6) Type 1 test procedure
Test vehicle
Correct reference to the calculation method of the RLMF
restrictions of CO2 interpolation range not applicable (maximum of 30 g/km or 20 per cent of the CO2) , but the emission criteria of interpolation range are fully applicable
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

20. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
D. (annex 7) Calculations
(new) Fuel consumption and CO2 calculations for individual vehicles in a road load matrix
Determination of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of vehicles LM and HM
Road load calculation for an individual vehicle
Mass of an individual vehicle
Rolling resistance of an individual vehicle
Frontal area of an individual vehicle
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

21. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Output TF road load matrix family:
Draft text for amendments to GTR for SG Drafting
Document: WLTP rev1
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV

22. OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Summary
WLTP-12-24e
OI #17: Road Load Matrix Family
Thanks
Task Force
Road Load Matrix Family
André Rijnders RDW (NL) and Ernst Peter Weidmann ACEA-LCV