1. 08/26 Bellringer The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. It linked the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. One historian has said that the transcontinental railroad did more than politics to bind East and West into a single nation. How do you think advances in transportation help unite the country together? 5+ sentences

2. Miners, ranchers, and farmers were connected to Eastern cities in 1869 with the completion of the transcontinental railroad The federal government encouraged railroad construction by giving millions of acres of land to railroad companies

3. The Union Pacific was built from East to West by Irish workers The Central Pacific was built from West to East by Chinese workers

4. On May 10, 1869 the two tracks met at Promontory Point in Utah By 1890, there were five railroads that extended to the Pacific Coast

5. Chinese workers were recruited to America to build the railroad… …But, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 which ended Chinese immigration to America

6. Because of the railroad: Time is standardized into 4 zones Luxury travel encouraged the wealth to go on vacation Refrigerated train cars made shipping food easier “Shopping at home” becomes popular through mail catalogs

7. The migration of Americans into the West left no unorganized territories by 1890… the western frontier had closed

8. Expansion west in the late 1800s brought devastation to the Indians Plains Indians like the Sioux, Comanche, and Cheyenne tribes were dependent upon the buffalo and the horse

9. …This led to a series of violent conflicts known as the “Indian Wars” The flood of miners, ranchers, and farmers during the late 1800s violated Indian territories…

10. Moving West – Indian Wars chart In small groups, complete the information about the major events of the Indian Wars. You can use the textbook or a personal device to find information to complete the chart.