1. Determining Controls for the Hazards Identified

2. Determining Controls Do all Controls need to be based on a Risk Assessments?

3. Known & Accepted Controls No Need For Risk Assessment

4. Known Control for Worker The Beanie?

5. Sect 35 Regs - Primarily Response

6. Section 35 Regs - Secondary Response

7. Clause 18 WHS Act The Threshold of Performance-Reasonably Practical

8. Works Underway – Immediate Danger Risk Will need to Be Controlled Immediately

9. You Turn up to site In the following situations Risk Assessments are not appropriate as works are underway

10. Residential

11. Fall From Height

12. Immediate Risk – Known Control

13. Do we know how to control

14. The Problem ? What Planning was there? Why wasn’t the Hazard Identified? Has there been a failure & breach?

15. The Problem ? What Planning was there? If there was why did the works proceed? – Control not Considered – Control has not arrived – Couldn’t be bothered Why wasn’t the Hazard Identified? Has there been a failure & breach?

16. The Problem ? What Planning was there? If there was why did the works proceed? – Control not Considered – Control has not arrived – Couldn’t be bothered Why wasn’t the Hazard Identified? Was a Hazard Identification Conducted Has there been a failure & breach?

17. The Problem ? What Planning was there? If there was why did the works proceed? – Control not Considered – Control has not arrived – Couldn’t be bothered Why wasn’t the Hazard Identified? Was a Hazard Identification Conducted Has there been a failure & breach? Either Hazard not identified or Risk not removed

18. Review Your Assessments Which Hazards present an immediate danger Known Control must be immediately installed Risk Assessment for any Residual Risk

19. Planning the Works Hazards Identified on Project Risk Assessment is Required

20. Selecting Controls Bases on Risk Assessment where appropriate Must Be Reasonable Practicable

21. Reasonably practicable includes: WHS Act 21 Cost Reasonably Practicable Degree of harm State of knowledge Availability & suitability of controls Likelihood

22. Factors to assess reasonably practicable Estimating likelihood can be based on what we know about a risk (e.g. how often particular risks result in injury). It must also be based on the actual circumstances of the workplace and the way work is done. We can ask the following questions to help work out the likelihood – How often does the risk situation occur? – How long might people be exposed to the risk? – How might operating conditions increase risk? – How are effective current controls in minimising risk? WHS Act 22 Likelihood

23. Factors to assess reasonably practicable Accounting for the degree of harm or the likely consequences of a risk resulting in injury means looking at what injuries or incidents could result from the hazard, how many people might be affected and how widespread could the effects be. We can ask the following questions to understand likely consequences Is there available information on consequences? What factors could influence the severity of an injury? How many people could be injured? Are there circumstances that could magnify the severity of an injury or incident? WHS Act 23 Level of harm

24. Factors to assess reasonably practicable Accounting for what a person knows or ought reasonably know is sometimes referred to as the state of knowledge about a hazard or risk and ways of controlling it. We can ask the following questions to find out about the hazard or risk Are there specific regulations that apply? Are there approved codes of practice that apply? Are there reputable technical standards that apply? Are there published guidelines from regulators or industry associations that apply? What industry practices are currently used? What expert advice is available? WHS Act 24 State of knowledge

25. Factors to assess reasonably practicable Identifying ways to eliminate or minimise the risk that are available means that ways of eliminating or reducing risk are available to purchase or apply in your workplace. Risk controls are suitable if they are feasible to apply in your workplace and have been shown to be effective in similar circumstances. We can ask the following questions to find out about availability and suitability Is an available product or process feasible to use ? Is an available product or process suitable to use? Is there an effective way of eliminating the risk? Is there an effective way of minimising the risk? WHS Act 25 Availability Suitability

26. Factors to assess reasonably practicable Only after all the other factors have been taken into account does cost get taken into account. Risk controls should be implemented unless the cost of doing so is so disproportionate to the benefit (in terms of reduction in the level of the risk) that it would be clearly unreasonable to require the expenditure. We can ask the following questions to consider cost Will the control significantly reduce the risk? Will the control significantly reduce the degree of harm? Are their cost effective alternatives to eliminate or minimise risk? Should the activity be discontinued? WHS Act 26 Cost

27. Reasonably practicable: Getting the balance WHS Act 27 Reasonably practicable is the balance between risk and time, effort and cost Likelihood, degree of harm, knowledge etc Time, effort and cost to eliminate or minimise risk

28. Reasonably practicable: Getting the balance WHS Act 28 ? Level of time, effort and cost way out of proportion with benefits in risk minimisation E.G little likelihood of risk occurring risk/minimal harm High level of time, effort and cost to eliminate or minimise risk

29. Reasonably practicable in the workplace WHS Act 29 For common hazards such as noise, falls and manual handling there are regulations that define what has to be done to control risks. These common hazards also have supporting codes of practice to provide guidance on how to control risks. For more complex or workplace specific risks a risk management approach can be used to establish what is reasonably practicable The most common decisions about reasonably practicable relate to the type of risk control to be used (the hierarchy of control). In other words what is the highest level of protection that is reasonably practicable.

30. Reasonably Practicable & Hierarchy of Controls – It’s the Law Section 35 (a) of the Regulations You must Eliminate the Risk

31. Reasonably Practicable & Hierarchy of Controls – It’s the Law Section 35 (b) of the Regulations If you cannot Reasonably Practicably Eliminate the Risk you must minimise in accordance with the Hierarchy of Control as outlined Section 36 of the Regulations

32. Hierarchy of Controls Section 36 Eliminate Substitution Isolate Engineering Administrative Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

33. Examples Cut Rafters to Single Storey – Risk of Fall ControlDescription EliminateCut at Ground Level SubstituteN/A IsolateHandrail System EngineeringScaffold AdministrativeSafe Work Method Statement PPEFall Arrest or Fall Restraint

34. Examples Cut Rafters to Double Storey – Risk of Fall ControlDescription EliminateCut at Ground Level SubstituteN/A IsolateHandrail System EngineeringScaffold AdministrativeSafe Work Method Statement PPEFall Arrest or Fall Restraint

35. Examples Place 1 Sign to Double Storey – Risk of Fall ControlDescription EliminateCut at Ground Level SubstituteN/A IsolateHandrail System EngineeringScaffold AdministrativeSafe Work Method Statement PPEFall Arrest or Fall Restraint

36. Reasonably Practicable Is there a difference in Controls

37. Examples Excavation– Risk of Collapse ControlDescription EliminateCut at Battering or Benching SubstituteN/A IsolateN/A EngineeringShoring AdministrativeSafe Work Method Statement PPEN/A

38. Reasonably practicable: the Hierarchy of Control WHS Act 38 The WHS Act advocates the highest level of protection as is reasonably practicable and the model regulations in some cases mandate a set of preferred controls consistent with the hierarchy of control Consequently the level at which controls are applied is subject to decisions about reasonably practicable. For example, falls from height are regulated with a preferred set of controls from design and engineering down to personal protection measures.

39. Questions 1.Does Reasonably practicable mean that if a risk control is costly it does not have to be used?? 2.If something was reasonably practicable ten years ago there is no need to change how the risk is controlled? 3.How does someone demonstrate that they have done all they can do to comply? WHS Act 39

40. The Task

41. Identify the Hazard Access to Playing Field

42. Identify the Hazards

43. Asses The Risk How would you do it

44. Risk Matrix – WorkCover Hazpak

45. Risk Matrix - Commcare

47. Control Measures What Control Measures would you implement? How do we decide?

48. Remember The Government is always there to Help You!

50. Control Measure