1. Warm-up/ review from last week How might expansion into the West help to define or redefine the national identity? How do interactions with native Americans shape national identity?

2. The Gilded Age Rise of industry/ Economics Ch.9 Pg. 6 in notebook.

3. Industrialization Abundance of natural resources Large workforce – LARGE FAMILIES – IMMIGRANTS Increasing GNP

4. Free Enterprise System In many respects the United States practiced Laissez-Faire– “Let Do” Economics Reliance on supply and demand rather the Government intervention and regulation How might laissez-faire policies during a peak impact the American economy? Why? How might laissez-faire policies during a recession impact the American economy? Why?

5. Railroads (Sect. 2) Railroad industry booms by 1862 with Pacific Railway Act and spurs economic growth Cornelius Vanderbilt Time zones Land grants

6. Robber Barons Wealthy railroad entrepreneurs with a reputation of swindling investors, bribing government officials, and cheating on their contracts and debts. – Jay Gould

7. Big Business By 1900 Big business dominated the economy, operating vast complexes of factories, warehouse, offices and distribution facilities. Andrew Carnegie – Steel John D Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company

8. Vertical integration- owns all of the different business it depends on for its operation Horizontal integration- combining many firms engaged in same type of business Monopoly Trusts

11. Unions Working conditions: – Monotonous, unhealthy, dangerous – deflation – Uneven distribution of income  Leads to Formation of Trade Unions and Industrial Unions

12. Union opposition Industry opposes unions – Blacklist – Lockout – Strikebreakers Does this happen today? Marxism: argues class struggle would lead to revolution where government would seize all property and equally distribute it.

13. Worker’s Rights Great railroad strike of 1877 Knights of Labor The Haymarket Riot The Pullman Strike AFL (American Federation of labor) Samuel Gompers

14. The Great Railroad strike of 1877

15. Haymarket riot Chicago, 1886. Protest led to bomb explosion- 11 dead

16. Pros and Cons of Big Business? ProsCons

17. Innovation Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone Thomas Edison – Phonograph – Light bulb – Electric generator Orville and Wilbur Wright What Opportunities arise from changes in technologies? What Problems Arise from changes in technology?