1. End of an Era

4. Challenges to the Empire French Army Spread Revolutionary ideas Made possible economic reform to France Impact of Nationalism Many saw army as oppressive Impose French culture Resistance Rebellion in Spain Marries Austrian princess

6. Defeat in Russia Invasion of Russia 500,000 soldiers “Scorched Earth” Retreat Battle for survival Only 25,000 return to France Napoleon Reputation is shattered

8. Downfall Disaster in Russia New alliances of Russia, Austria, Prussia Exile to Elba Abdicated, gave up, the throne Later, returns to France victorious Battle for Waterloo Lost to British and Prussian forces Goes into exile in St. Helena

10. Legacy Napoleonic Code Consolidated many changes of the Revolution Revolutionary Ideas Spread throughout the world Inspiration of Other Revolutions Europe and Latin America

11. 1769 - 1821

12. Clash of Ideologies After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe

13. Clash of Ideologies Conservatives Opposed to Enlightenment ideas Natural Rights and Constitutions lead to chaos Change must come slowly Liberals Inspired by the Enlightenment Separation of Powers and a Constitution Against Divine Right

15. Rebellions in the World Inspiration Ideas of Liberalism and Nationalism Help to establish reforms Countries France, Serbia, Greece, Spain, Latin America Decades Ahead Revolutions through political/industrial activity

17. Tsar Alexander I King Frederick William III The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh Charles Maurice de Tallyrand Key Players at Vienna

18. Congress of Vienna After Waterloo Restore stability and order Establish a balance of power Gathering of Leaders Austria: Status Quo Russia: “Holy Alliance” England: Prevention of French power France: Acceptance as an Equal

20. Results of Congress Balance of Power Redrew map of Europe Surround France with strong countries Restoration Legitimacy: restoring hereditary monarchs Quadruple Alliance Austria, Russia, England, Prussia Suppress revolutionary uprisings

22. The Revolution’s Legacy After Congress of Vienna Monarchs ruled again Citizens’ rights restricted Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles French Revolution Changed World Monarchies no longer secure Common people felt they could change the world Human dignity, personal liberty, and equality