1. Ch 14.2 Land Page 384

2. 14.2 Urban Land Use Urbanization = the movement of people from rural areas to cities Better paying jobs Plentiful jobs

3.  Roads and public transportation in these areas have been built to handle the growth, so that traffic flows freely  Buildings, roads, and parking lots are mixed in with green spaces and recreational areas.

4. “Green Spaces” in urban areas Provide urban areas with much needed ecosystem services such as: 1. moderation of temperature 2. Infiltration of rainwater runoff 3. Aesthetic value

5. The Urban Crisis Overwhelming infrastructure : Traffic jams Substandard housing Polluted air and water Infrastructure : all of the things that a society builds for public use. = roads, sewers, RR, bridges, canals, fire & police stations, schools libraries, hospitals, water mains, power lines.

6. Urban Sprawl “Rapid expansion of a city into the countryside around the city.” People living in the suburbs generally commute to the cities. Their homes in the suburbs are build on land that was used for food production… Each year suburbs spread over another 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of land in the U.S.

7. Development on Marginal Lands “land that is poorly suited for building” Many cities were first built in areas where there was little room for expansion.

8. Heat Islands  Cities both generate and trap more heat than country side. Roads and buildings absorb more heat than vegetation does.

9. What is a heat island?  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t- sXHl3l-rM

10. Effects of heat islands  In the winter time the urban areas stay warmer longer = longer plant lifespan  At night they radiate heat so the city stays warmer = less heaters needed in homes

11. What adds to a heat island?  The hotter it is the more A/C’s turn on = more heat emissions!  Multiple cars = hot gas emissions  Concrete that absorbs heat  No trees = no transpiration

12. How do I help Heat Islands?  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxqd POUoJ90 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxqd POUoJ90  Use Green Roofs  Plant trees – green spaces  “Cool Concrete”

13. Urban Planning  Land-Use Planning: determines in advance how land will be used – where houses, businesses, and factories will be built, where land will be protected for recreation.  Their job is to plan the best locations for shopping malls, sewers, electrical lines and other infrastructure.

14. Transportation United States: Cities were constructed after the car was invented. Land wasn’t an issue, so they are spread out Europe: Built before cars, narrow roads, and compact MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM Save energy, reduce highway congestion, reduce air pollution, & limit the loss of land to roads and parking lots.

15. Open Space Open Space = land within urban areas that is set aside for scenic and recreational enjoyment. Examples: Parks Public gardens Bicycle trails Hiking trails Benefits: Absorb carbon dioxide Produce oxygen Filter out pollutants from air and water Cooler temps Reduces water runoff Reduces stress/exercise Greenbelts: Open spaces left in their natural conditions