1. Circulatory System

2. Importance of the Circulatory System Your circulatory system carries nutrients to cells, wastes away from cells, and chemical messages from cells in one part of the body to distant target tissues. Your circulatory system carries nutrients to cells, wastes away from cells, and chemical messages from cells in one part of the body to distant target tissues. It is also transports wastes, distributes heat and helps defend against invading organisms. It is also transports wastes, distributes heat and helps defend against invading organisms.

3. David “the boy in the plastic bubble” was born without an immune system. David “the boy in the plastic bubble” was born without an immune system.

4. Jobs of the circulatory system: Jobs of the circulatory system: 1. Bring O2 and nutrients to cell 2. Removes CO2 and waste 3. Relays chemical messages through body 4. Monitor fluid levels 5. Immune system support- carries immune cells through body

5. No cell is further than ______cells away from a blood vessel No cell is further than ______cells away from a blood vessel Our circulatory system has _________ km of blood vessels to sustain our ______________cells Our circulatory system has _________ km of blood vessels to sustain our ______________cells The heart is the size of your ______ and weighs approximately 300g and beats about ___________ The heart is the size of your ______ and weighs approximately 300g and beats about ___________ Every minute ________ of blood is circulated throughout the entire body Every minute ________ of blood is circulated throughout the entire body 2 96 000 100 trillion fist 70 times per minute 5L

6. The circulatory systems transports a number of materials such as:____________________ The circulatory systems transports a number of materials such as:____________________ Because multicellular organisms have 3 cell layers they cannot rely on simple diffusion, and must rely on a circulatory system Because multicellular organisms have 3 cell layers they cannot rely on simple diffusion, and must rely on a circulatory system Oxygen, wastes, immune cells

7. ____________the outermost tissue layer and will become the skin, the outmost parts of the nervous system and other outer organs, structures and systems ____________the outermost tissue layer and will become the skin, the outmost parts of the nervous system and other outer organs, structures and systems ____________is the middle tissue layer and will become the muscles and other connective tissues, blood vessels and blood cells and other organs, structures and systems ____________is the middle tissue layer and will become the muscles and other connective tissues, blood vessels and blood cells and other organs, structures and systems ____________ the innermost tissue layer and will become the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and inner organs, structures, and systems ____________ the innermost tissue layer and will become the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and inner organs, structures, and systems Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

9. OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood carrying oxygen and nutrients is pumped into__________________ where it bathes the cells directly Blood carrying oxygen and nutrients is pumped into__________________ where it bathes the cells directly Low pressure system is found in _______________________ Low pressure system is found in _______________________ There is no distinction between ______________ and the ___________________ (space between cells) There is no distinction between ______________ and the ___________________ (space between cells) The contraction of the heart(s) and muscular movements during locomotion pushes blood from one body cavity or ____________ to another The contraction of the heart(s) and muscular movements during locomotion pushes blood from one body cavity or ____________ to another Body cavity Snails, insects, crustaceans blood Interstitial spaces sinus

11. CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood is always contained within____________ Blood is always contained within____________ Commonly found in__________________________ Commonly found in__________________________ The blood is separated from the _________________by enclosing the blood inside tubes or vessels The blood is separated from the _________________by enclosing the blood inside tubes or vessels Blood vessels Earthworms, squids, vertebrates, octopii Interstitial fluid

13. Components of the Blood On average we contain ________of blood On average we contain ________of blood Approximately 55% of the blood is _________and the other 45% is made of _____________ Approximately 55% of the blood is _________and the other 45% is made of _____________ The percentage of red blood cells is called the ___________ The percentage of red blood cells is called the ___________ The fluid portion of the blood is called the _________and contains The fluid portion of the blood is called the _________and contains 5L liquid Blood cells hematocrit plasma Proteins, glucose, vitamins, minerals, dissolved gases, waste products of meatbolism

14. The large plasma proteins are called ___________ they help maintain fluid levels in the body The large plasma proteins are called ___________ they help maintain fluid levels in the body The ___________ produces antibodies to provide protection against invading microbes The ___________ produces antibodies to provide protection against invading microbes ____________ is used to help the blood clot ____________ is used to help the blood clot albumin globulins Fibrinogen

15. ERYTHROCYTES _______________ also known as red blood cells is used to transport _____________ _______________ also known as red blood cells is used to transport _____________ Oxygen can slightly diffuse into the plasma, however the respiratory pigment _______________allows the blood to carry ______ more oxygen. Without hemoglobin, we would only be able to surive for __________!!!!!!!! With Hb our cells can last for up to 5 min if deprived of oxygen Oxygen can slightly diffuse into the plasma, however the respiratory pigment _______________allows the blood to carry ______ more oxygen. Without hemoglobin, we would only be able to surive for __________!!!!!!!! With Hb our cells can last for up to 5 min if deprived of oxygen There are approximately ______________hemoglobin molecules per red blood cell There are approximately ______________hemoglobin molecules per red blood cell Erythrocytes oxygen hemoglobin 70X 4.5 sec 280 million

16. Hemoglobin is made up of a ________ group which is an ______ containing pigment and ________ a protein structure. Hemoglobin is made up of a ________ group which is an ______ containing pigment and ________ a protein structure. ______ Iron molecules attach to the folded protein structure and bind with ____________ molecules to create the __________________ complex. This is what gives blood its _______ colour ______ Iron molecules attach to the folded protein structure and bind with ____________ molecules to create the __________________ complex. This is what gives blood its _______ colour Once oxygen is given up to the cells, the hemoglobin molecule changes its shape and reflects _______ light. This is what gives blood the blue appearance in veins Once oxygen is given up to the cells, the hemoglobin molecule changes its shape and reflects _______ light. This is what gives blood the blue appearance in veins heme Feglobin 4 oxygen oxyhemoglobin red blue

18. Red blood cells are ___________ in shape which allows it to have a greater surface area for _____________ Red blood cells are ___________ in shape which allows it to have a greater surface area for _____________ They live for about __________, and at least _____________ rbc’s are made every minute! They live for about __________, and at least _____________ rbc’s are made every minute! They are the only cells that do not contain a ___________ so that there is more room to carry more _____________ They are the only cells that do not contain a ___________ so that there is more room to carry more _____________ biconcave Gas exchange 120 days 5 million nucleus hemoglobin

19. Rbc’s are made in the _______________, by nucleated stem cells, they then lose their nuclei as they are discharged into the blood stream Rbc’s are made in the _______________, by nucleated stem cells, they then lose their nuclei as they are discharged into the blood stream There are _____________red blood cells per mL of blood in males and ____________rbc’s/mL in females There are _____________red blood cells per mL of blood in males and ____________rbc’s/mL in females Specialized white blood cells that live in the _________ and the ___________ monitor the age of the rbc’s and remove debris from the from the circulatory system Specialized white blood cells that live in the _________ and the ___________ monitor the age of the rbc’s and remove debris from the from the circulatory system Bone marrow 5.5 billion 4.5 billion spleen liver

21. Once the rbc’s are broken down the ______________ is released and the ____ is recovered in the bone marrow for later use. Once the rbc’s are broken down the ______________ is released and the ____ is recovered in the bone marrow for later use. The heme is transformed into ______________ The heme is transformed into ______________ ______________Is a condition where there is a deficiency in ______________or _________ which decreases oxygen delivery to the tissues and is characterized by low _______ ______________Is a condition where there is a deficiency in ______________or _________ which decreases oxygen delivery to the tissues and is characterized by low _______ hemoglobin Fe Bile pigments Anemia hemoglobinRbc’s energy

22. The most common cause of anemia is_____ ___________, if more than 40% of the blood volume is lost the body is unable to cope The most common cause of anemia is_____ ___________, if more than 40% of the blood volume is lost the body is unable to cope Anemia can also be caused due to a ______deficiency of ____. Raisins and liver are 2 good sources of iron Anemia can also be caused due to a ______deficiency of ____. Raisins and liver are 2 good sources of iron hemorrhaging diet Fe

23. LEUKOCYTES ____________ Are also known as white blood cells, there are much fewer than red blood cells and have a ratio of 1 to 700 ____________ Are also known as white blood cells, there are much fewer than red blood cells and have a ratio of 1 to 700 White blood cells have a nucleus and depending on their shape, size and granules in the cytoplasm, they can also be identified into the different types of leukocytes White blood cells have a nucleus and depending on their shape, size and granules in the cytoplasm, they can also be identified into the different types of leukocytes They are also made in the __________________and there are 2 classes of white blood cells They are also made in the __________________and there are 2 classes of white blood cells Leukocytes Bone marrow

24. The first class are called ______________ which include _____________ and _____________ The first class are called ______________ which include _____________ and _____________ The second class are ___________________which include the ________________________ The second class are ___________________which include the ________________________ The 2 most common types of cells are _______________ and _________________ The 2 most common types of cells are _______________ and _________________ agranulocytes monocytes lymphocytes granulocytes Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils macrophages lymphocytes

25. Macrophages are _______________cells that engulf the invading microbe and kill it. The left over protein fragments from this attack is called ________. This is the body’s ________________response which is the body’s generalized response to infection. Macrophages are _______________cells that engulf the invading microbe and kill it. The left over protein fragments from this attack is called ________. This is the body’s ________________response which is the body’s generalized response to infection. Lymphocytes are non-phagocytic cells that play a role in the body’s ______________________response that enable the body to recognize and fend off specific pathogens. The 2 main types of lymphocytes are the ____________which develop in the thymus gland and the Lymphocytes are non-phagocytic cells that play a role in the body’s ______________________response that enable the body to recognize and fend off specific pathogens. The 2 main types of lymphocytes are the ____________which develop in the thymus gland and the _____________ which develop in the bone marrow phagocytic pus Innate immune Acquired-immune T-cells B cells

27. ____________Are created by the plasma and are used to tag and recognize invading pathogens ____________Are created by the plasma and are used to tag and recognize invading pathogens Antibodies

29. PLATELETS Do not contain a _____________ and are produced from large nucleated cells in the _______________ Do not contain a _____________ and are produced from large nucleated cells in the _______________ They technically are not cells and are short lived lasting only __________ days They technically are not cells and are short lived lasting only __________ days They travel through the blood, but when they hit a sharp edge (broken blood vessel) they rupture to initiate ______________ They travel through the blood, but when they hit a sharp edge (broken blood vessel) they rupture to initiate ______________ nucleus Bone marrow 10 clotting

30. Chemicals from the platelets combine with other clotting agents from the plasma to create the enzyme _____________________. Chemicals from the platelets combine with other clotting agents from the plasma to create the enzyme _____________________. The thromboplastin then reacts with________________ (serum protein in liver) to create ____________ The thromboplastin then reacts with________________ (serum protein in liver) to create ____________ Thrombin reacts with ____________________to produce _________ which than forms the scab (finally) Thrombin reacts with ____________________to produce _________ which than forms the scab (finally) thromboplastin prothrombin thrombin fibrinogen fibrin

31. Seatwork / Homework Read Section 12.1 p.478-487 Answer Learning Checks p.481 #1-6, p.486 #7-12 Answer Section Review p.488 #1-2, 4-7, 12-13