1. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 ACOS # 3: Compare major Native American cultures in respect to geographic region, natural resources, government, and religion. ACOS #3a: Locate Native American groups by geographic region.

2. Key Vocabulary Irrigation-a way of supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes Irrigation-a way of supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes Staple-a main crop that is used for food Staple-a main crop that is used for food Ceremony-a special event at which people gather to express important beliefs Ceremony-a special event at which people gather to express important beliefs

3. People of the Southwest Region includes present day Arizona Region includes present day Arizona and New Mexico. Also stretches across areas that we know today- Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Texas, and California and New Mexico. Also stretches across areas that we know today- Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Texas, and California >Part of the Rocky mountains > Large area of region is flat and desert >Small amount of rain

4. People and The Land Climate influenced the way Southwest Indians lived Climate influenced the way Southwest Indians lived Very dry area where trees would not grow; did not rain often, mostly desert Very dry area where trees would not grow; did not rain often, mostly desert They were farmers; lack of rain affected agriculture They were farmers; lack of rain affected agriculture Used irrigation systems to help water crops Used irrigation systems to help water crops Irrigation systems were ditches, streams, or pipes that allowed water to be sent to crops in need of water Irrigation systems were ditches, streams, or pipes that allowed water to be sent to crops in need of water Water from the rivers flowed through irrigation system. Water from the rivers flowed through irrigation system.

5. People and The Land Planted Corn deep in the ground so roots could get moisture from the earth Planted Corn deep in the ground so roots could get moisture from the earth Crops were also planted in areas that flooded during the spring rains Crops were also planted in areas that flooded during the spring rains Planted corn, beans, squash Planted corn, beans, squash

6. People and The Land Trees did not grow since the land was dry Trees did not grow since the land was dry Built adobes- houses made of sticks, stones, and clay Built adobes- houses made of sticks, stones, and clay Usually built houses on steep mesas to protect them from attacks Usually built houses on steep mesas to protect them from attacks

7. The Hopi Oldest Indian group in Southwest Oldest Indian group in Southwest Began living in Arizona before 1350 Began living in Arizona before 1350 Lived in dry land Lived in dry land Used irrigation system to grow beans, squash, and corn Used irrigation system to grow beans, squash, and corn Corn was their staple crop Corn was their staple crop

8. The Hopi Grew yellow, blue, red, white, and purple corn and stored them in rooms in their pueblo Grew yellow, blue, red, white, and purple corn and stored them in rooms in their pueblo Hopis constructed pots from clay to store food and water in Hopis constructed pots from clay to store food and water in First people to fire pottery; this makes pottery hard and strong First people to fire pottery; this makes pottery hard and strong They crushed colorful rocks and used this to make sand paintings They crushed colorful rocks and used this to make sand paintings

9. The Hopi Religion was important them Religion was important them Felt they were meant to be caretakers of the land Felt they were meant to be caretakers of the land Believed in Kachinas-spirits that came and helped them which the men dressed up like and danced in costume. The children had carved dolls to remind them what each kachina represented.

10. Why did the Southwest Indians have to rely on irrigation to grow crops? Because of lack of rain in the region.

11. Hopi Today Still follow cultural traditions Still follow cultural traditions Still live in villages in Southwest Still live in villages in Southwest Still have dances and ceremonies Still have dances and ceremonies Skilled at making pottery, weavings, baskets, and silver jewelry Skilled at making pottery, weavings, baskets, and silver jewelry Today they hold jobs in local business and other professional fields. Today they hold jobs in local business and other professional fields.

12. Vocabulary Review Staple: a main crop that is used for food Staple: a main crop that is used for food Ceremony: a special event at which people gather to express important beliefs Ceremony: a special event at which people gather to express important beliefs Irrigation: a way of supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes Irrigation: a way of supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes

13. Vocabulary Review A culture with cities, a government, and many different jobs for people to do A culture with cities, a government, and many different jobs for people to docivilization A mass of ice that moves slowly over land. A mass of ice that moves slowly over land.glacier Growing plants for food; farming Growing plants for food; farmingagriculture A town A townpueblo Movement of people or animals from one region to another. Movement of people or animals from one region to another.migration

14. Vocabulary Review A traditional feast of Northwest Indians A traditional feast of Northwest Indianspotlatch Extra supplies Extra suppliesSurplus A group of related families A group of related familiesclan