1. China’s Interest in Latin America 1 October, 2012 Beck, Tanner C. Heckmann, Brian E. Mellon, David A. Thomas, Brian E.

2. Works Cited Aquino, Carlos, “China’s Influence Grows in US’ ‘backyard’,” in ChinaDaily USA. (June 25, 2012). http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2012-06/25/content_15520252.htm. Backer, Larry Cata, “Thoughts on the US-China Economic & Security Review Commission Report: China in Latin America,” in Law at the End of the Day. (March 5, 2012). http://lcbackerblog.blogspot.com/2012/03/katherine-koleski-for- us-china-economic.html. Branigan, Tania, “China Goes on the Rails to Rival Panama Canal,” in The Guardian (February 14, 2011). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/14/china-rail-rival-panama-canal. Ferchen, Matthew, “China’s Latin American Interests,” in Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Washington, DC (April 6, 2012). http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/06/china-s-latin-american-interests/a7av. Dowd, Alan W., “Crisis in the America’s: Countering China’s Reach in Latin America,” in American Security Council Foundation. Washington, DC (2012). http://www.ascfusa.org/content_pages/view/crisisinamericas. Ellis, R. Evan, “Chinese Soft Power in Latin America: A Case Study,” in NDU Press. Washington, DC (2010). http://www.ndu.edu/press/chinese-soft-power-latin-america.html. Lafargue, Francois, “China’s Presence in Latin America,” in China Perspectives. (2006). http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/3053. Lewis, Leo, ”China Eyes Panama Canal Expansion,” in The Australian: Business: With the Wall Street Journal. (September 26, 2012). http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/world/china-eyes-panama-canal-expansion/story-e6frg90o- 1225827691243.

4. Increasing Chinese Interest Chinese investment in Latin America increased 7 fold from 2003 to 2008

5. Trade Between Latin America & China exports from China to Latin America increased 3 fold from 2000 to 2005 imports to China from Latin America increased 5 fold from 2000 to 2005

6. Top 5 Recipient Countries of Chinese Exports in Latin America Mexico, Brazil, Panama, Chile and Argentina account for three-fourths of Chinese export recipients (2004)

7. China’s Top 5 Suppliers Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico and Peru account for 89% of Chinese imports (2004)

8. Agricultural Resources diminished farm production in China, due to… industrialization poor irrigation

9. Agricultural Resources China as the world’s leading consumer of soya half of China’s consumption is imported » from the United States, Brazil, and Argentina

10. Mining Resources Latin America 45% of the world’s copper reserves 25% of the world’s silver reserves 33% of the world’s pewter reserves » from the United States, Brazil, and Argentina Chile & Peru Produce 44% of the world’s copper output – China biggest consumer, acquiring half of Chilean-Peruvian copper exports

11. Mining Resources Cuba third largest producer of nickel in the world China ranks third – as Cuba’s main trading partner

12. Mining Resources Brazil third largest producer of iron ore China ranks third – as Brazil’s main trading partner of iron ore

13. Oil Resources China became the world’s second biggest consumer of oil (2002) – diversified its market to include Africa, Central Asia, and Latin America

14. Oil Resources Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez & Chinese President Hu Jintao (2004)

15. Oil Resources Venezuela’s oil exports to China after 2004 – 12,300 bpd (2004) – 70,000 bpd (2005) – 160,000 bpd (2006) Brazil second highest oil reserves in South America, followed by Ecuador

16. Oil Resources Panama Canal remains narrow for oil tankers to pass through it

17. Panama Canal $5.25 Billion (U.S.) to widen & deepen the Panama Canal in order to facilitate trade across the Atlantic to the Pacific Facilitates China’s growing consumption of oil from Venezuela & raw materials from Brazil

18. Panama Canal – Alternative railway through Columbia Chinese initiative circumvents Panama Canal area dominated by rebels and militias

19. Review Due to China’s rapid industrialization, the country has an increased need for: ____________________

20. Review What main countries facilitate this growing consumption? ____________________

21. Review How is China’s consumption need for Latin American resources manifested? __________________________________________