1. DNA and DNA Replication Chapter 12 – Part 1 CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School

2. 12-1 DNA I.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1. Hammerling Experiment: Joachim Hammerling 1930’s Acetabularia mediterranea Acetabularia crenulata Hammerling Experiment video clip

3. 12-1 DNA

6. 2. Frederick Griffith (1928) Streptococcus pneumonia Smooth-pathogenic Rough-non-pathogenic Transforming Factor I.Historical Background: 12-1 DNA Griffith experiment video clip

7. 12-1 DNA

12. I.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: 3. Oswald Avery (1944): Revisited Griffith’s experiment Utilized “digesting” enzymes Localized “Transforming Factor” to DNA 12-1 DNA

13. Oswald Avery 1944 12-1 DNA

15. I. Historical Background: 4. Hershey-Chase (1952) Utilized T 2 Bacteriophages DNA containing viruses Used radioisotopes 32 P and 35 S Corroborated work of Avery 12-1 DNA Hershey-Chase experiment video clip

16. Alfred Hershey Martha Chase 12-1 DNA

17. T 2 Bacteriophage 12-1 DNA

21. Phoebus Levene 12-1 DNA

22. II. Chemistry of DNA: 1. Phoebus Levene (1920’s) a. DNA composed of: PO 4 5 Carbon Sugar (deoxyribose) Nitrogen containing base Purine (adenine, guanine) “double ringed” base Pyrimidine (cytosine, thymine) “single-ringed” base 12-1 DNA

23. adenine guanine cytosinethymine 12-1 DNA

24. Nucleotide 12-1 DNA

25. Phosphodiester Bond 12-1 DNA

26. II. Chemistry of DNA: 1. Phoebus Levene: b. NUCLEOTIDES are the monomers of the DNA molecule c. DNA has intrinsic directionality One end ALWAYS has 5’PO 4 One end ALWAYS has 3’OH 12-1 DNA

27. Erwin Chargaff 12-1 DNA

28. II. Chemistry of DNA: 2. Erwin Chargaff CHARGAFF’S RULE: Amount of adenine is ALWAYS equal to amount of thymine Amount of cytosine is ALWAYS equal to amount of guanine 12-1 DNA Short HHMI video clip

29. Chargaff’s Rule 12-1 DNA

30. III. Structure of DNA: A. Contribution of 1. James Watson & Francis Crick 2. Maurice Wilkins 3. Rosalind Franklin B. Double Helix Model 1. Antiparallel Strands 2. Complementarity of bases 3. 10 bp per turn of helix 12-1 DNA

31. James Watson Francis Crick 12-1 DNA Secrets of the Sequence video clip

32. Rosalind Franklin Maurice Wilkins 12-1 DNA

33. Diffraction Study 1952 Diffraction Study 1953 12-1 DNA

34. X-Ray study DNA 1953 12-1 DNA

36. DOUBLE HELIX 12-1 DNA

37. 10 bp per turn 3.4 nm per turn 3.4Å between bp 1Å = 0.1nm (1X10 -10 m) 12-1 DNA

38. Antiparallel arrangement of helices 12-1 DNA

39. Complement Base Pairing A pairs with T G pairs with C 12-1 DNA

41. 12- 2 DNA Replication

44. IV. Replication Process Summary: A. Opening the Double Helix B. Building the Primer C. Assembling Complementary Strands D. Removing the Primer E. Joining of Okazaki Fragments 12- 2 DNA Replication Video and DNA Replication Worksheet

45. IV. Replication Process: A. Opening the Double Helix: 1. Initiating Replication Replication origin 2. Unwinding the Duplex Helicase 3. Stabilizing Complementary Strand Single Strand Binding Protein 4. Relieving the torque Topoisomerase (“swivelase”) 12- 2 DNA Replication

47. Helicase unwinds the double strand 12- 2 DNA Replication

48. Topoisomerase I and II Topoisomerase I and II video

49. Topoisomerases relieve the torque generated by the unwinding of the helix 12- 2 DNA Replication

51. Direction of synthesis Building the primer 12- 2 DNA Replication

52. RNA Polymerase (Primase) 12- 2 DNA Replication

53. B. Building the Primer: RNA Polymerase (Primase) “Primasome” C. Assembling the Complementary Strands DNA Polymerase III D. Removing the Primer DNA Polymerase II (Rnase H) E. Joining Okazaki Fragments DNA Ligase 12- 2 DNA Replication

55. Removal of RNA primer By RNAse H 12- 2 DNA Replication

56. Synthesis of Lagging Strand 12- 2 DNA Replication

58. Part 1 – DNA’s Discovery video clip DNA – The Secret of Photo 51 (NOVA video 55 min)