1. Chapter 28 DNA-Life’s Code Learn the parts of DNA Understand DNA replication Understand how DNA mutates Biotechnology

3. Bacterial Transformation Experiment Fred Griffith 1928 Injected mice with bacteria Smooth:pneumonia bacteria Rough: harmless bacteria

6. Transforming Principle Chemical that causes harmless bacteria to transform into pneumonia Transforming principle = DNA

7. DNA Chemical of heredity Deoxyribonucleic Acid 1.Sugar (Deoxyribose) 2.Phosphate 3.Nitrogen Base

8. Nucleotide 3 parts combined into one subunit Join together to form an entire DNA

10. 4 Nitrogen Bases 1.A: adenine 2.G: guanine 3.T: Thymine 4.C: Cytosine

11. Base Pairing Only certain bases can bond with one another 1.A bonds T 2.G bond C

12. DNA Structure Double Helix = twisted ladder 2 chains: nucleotides joined together Rungs: base – hydrogen bond – base Sides: sugar and acid

15. Replication of DNA Copies of DNA chain made during Interphase http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#

17. Steps to Replication 1.An enzyme “unzips” the double helix 2.Unzips by breaking Hydrogen bonds 3.A new enzyme moves along the parent chain placing new nucleotides 4.Match base pairs; A-T; G-C 5.DNA molecule is a parent chain bonded to a new chain