2. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Classification

3. Regents Biology What variety! What similarity!  Diversity of Life  there are so many different creatures on Earth  why are there differences?  Unity of life  all creatures have similarities  common characteristics  why are they so alike?

4. Regents Biology

5. Organizing the world of organsims  The Tree of Life  organize creatures by structure & function  how they are built  how they live  organize them into groups of closely related creatures

6. Regents Biology Classification  System to organize all living creatures  plants  animals  microbes  etc.

7. Regents Biology Why not use common names?  Misleading  starfish  dragonfly  Confusing  blue jay, blue coat, corn thief  dog, perro, chien I swim, but I’m still a bird!

8. Regents Biology Carolus Linnaeus  The Linnean system  proposed in 1700s  each species has a 2 part name  genus  species Homo sapiens

9. Regents Biology Latin binomial  2 part scientific name  Genus — larger group to which organism belongs  always capitalized  species — specific name for that organism  always lowercase  example: Linnaeus named humans Homo sapiens  means “wise man” — perhaps in a show of hope & optimism

10. Regents Biology Classification  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  species

11. Regents Biology Bacteria & Archaebacteria Classification  6 Kingdom system  Prokaryotes  No separate organelles in their cells  Bacteria  Archaebacteria  Eukaryotes  Separate organelles in their cells  Protists  Plants  Fungi  Animals Prokaryote Eukaryote

12. Regents Biology Kingdom Protist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Bacteria Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

13. Regents Biology Genus groupings  Classify organisms into broader groups  Species that are closely related are grouped into the same genus  LeopardPanthera pardus  African lion Panthera leo  Tiger Panthera tigris

14. Regents Biology Orders & families

15. Regents Biology Organizing systems  Making sense out of the differences Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

16. Regents Biology Prokaryotes  Bacteria  one-celled organisms  microscopic  no organelles  have cell membrane  have DNA  most common form of life on Earth  incredible number of different kinds

17. Regents Biology Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My!

18. Regents Biology Both Good & Bad…  Pathogens  cause disease  infections  Beneficial & necessary  help in digestion  help plants grow  make foods

19. Regents Biology Archaebacteria  Ancient bacteria  live in extreme environments  high heat  high salt  the most ancient creatures living on Earth today

20. Regents Biology Bacteria live EVERYWHERE  On plants & animals  In plants & animals  In the soil  In the extreme cold  In the extreme hot  On the living  On the dead