Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching

Name: Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching
Uploaded: 2017-07-29T22:52:12+00:00
Duration: PTM23S34
Channel: Brian Preston
Description: Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching

Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching
Formation, construction & classification of English words 2

Formation, construction & classification of English words 2
Word-forms & word-formation Inflection & derivation Derivation by affixation conversion (zero suffix) suffixation Compounding & shortening compound combining form blend shortening: initialism (alphabetism, acronym); clipping; backformation; aphesis Productivity & possible words Blocking & constraints

Morphology morphology: - the study of the structure of words

Morphology morphology: - the study of the structure of words inflectional morphology: - the study of the structure of grammatical word-forms (of CONTENT WORDS)

Morphology morphology: - the study of the structure of words inflectional morphology: - the study of the structure of grammatical word-forms (of content words) derivational morphology: - the study of the structure of content words, incl.

Morphology morphology: - the study of the structure of words inflectional morphology: - the study of the structure of grammatical word-forms (of content words) derivational morphology: - the study of the structure of content words, incl. the FORMATION of new WORDS

sleep sleepy sleepily sleepiness sleepish sleepishly sleepishness sleepless sleeplessly sleeplessness sleeptalk sleepwalk sleepwear sleeping beauty sleeping pill sleeped sleepathon sleepilicious sleepalicious

verbnoun derivation by conversion, or: by transposition, or: by functional shift, or: by zero-derivation ( or: zero-affixation, i.e. by adding a ?zero-suffix? ) (some) sleep- (good) sleep- (in her) sleep- I sleep They sleep

nounadjective derivation by affixation sleep + suffix -y sleep-y

nounadjective derivation by affixation sleep + suffix -y sleep-y hand-y hair-y leaf-y meat-y milk-y wind-y word-y

adjectiveadverb derivation by affixation sleepy + suffix -ly sleepi-ly

adjectiveadverb derivation by affixation sleepy + suffix -ly sleepi-ly Why not call it: noun-adverb derivation sleep + -ily

noun ?adverb? derivation by affixation sleep + ?suffix -ily? sleep-ily ?hand-ily ?hair-ily ?leaf-ily ?meat-ily ?milk-ily ?wind-ily ?word-ily

adjectiveadverb derivation by affixation sleepy + suffix -ly sleepi-ly hot-ly happi-ly cold-ly lazi-ly slow-ly easi-ly quick-ly

adjectivenoun derivation by affixation sleepy + suffix -ness sleepi-ness

adjectivenoun derivation by affixation sleepy + suffix -ness sleepi-ness bloody bloodi-ness dizzy dizzi-ness gloomy gloomi-ness

nounadjective derivation by affixation sleep + suffix -ish sleep-ish

adjectiveadverb derivation by affixation sleepish + suffix -ly sleepish-ly

adjectivenoun derivation by affixation sleepish + suffix -ness sleepish-ness

nounadjective derivation by affixation sleep + suffix -less sleep-less

adjectiveadverb derivation by affixation sleepless + suffix -ly sleepless-ly

adjectivenoun derivation by affixation sleepless + suffix -ness sleepless-ness

sleep sleep-y sleepi-ly sleepi-ness sleep-ish sleep-ish-ly sleep-ish-ness sleep-less sleep-less-ly sleep-less-ness Word-formation by derivation Derivation by: conversion

sleep sleep-y sleepi-ly sleepi-ness sleep-ish sleep-ish-ly sleep-ish-ness sleep-less sleep-less-ly sleep-less-ness Word-formation by derivation Derivation by: conversion affixation

sleep sleep-y sleepi-ly sleepi-ness sleep-ish sleep-ish-ly sleep-ish-ness sleep-less sleep-less-ly sleep-less-ness Word-formation by derivation Derivation by: conversion affixation suffixation

sleep sleep-y sleepi-ly sleepi-ness sleep-ish sleep-ish-ly sleep-ish-ness sleep-less sleep-less-ly sleep-less-ness Word-formation by derivation Derivation by: conversion affixation suffixation verbnoun drvtn nounadj drvtn adjadv drvtn adjnoun drvtn

sleep sleep-y sleepi-ly sleepi-ness sleep-ish sleep-ish-ly sleep-ish-ness sleep-less sleep-less-ly sleep-less-ness sleeptalk sleepwalk sleepwear sleeping beauty sleeping pill sleeped sleepathon sleepilicious sleepalicious

Word- formation by ? sleeptalk sleepwalk sleepwear sleeping beauty sleeping pill sleeped sleepathon sleepilicious sleepalicious

Word-formation by COMPOUNDING (i.e. not by derivation) (the root) sleep + (the root) xxx sleep-talk sleep-walk sleep-wear

Word-formation by derivation & compounding sleep+ing & xxxx sleep-ing beauty (The beauty is sleeping.) sleep-ing pill (?The pill is sleeping.) sleep-ing bag (?The bag is sleeping.)

Word-formation by ?derivation? & compounding sleep+ing & xxxx Ms Sleeping Beauty  sleeping pill  sleeping bag sleeping policeman sleeping partner Advanced question for self-study: Is the suffix -ing inflectional or derivational?

Word-formation by derivation (derivation by affixation) sleep + suffix -er sleep-er e.g. light sleeper sleeper train

Word-formation by BACKFORMATION televise  television edit  editor babysit  babysitter (word-formation by analogy: revise  revision; act  actor) ??(profess  professor)??

word formation by BACKFORMATION (back-derivation) revise  revision televise  television destroy  destruction  self-destruction self-destruct    self-destruction

word-formation by COMBINING FORMS sleep + suffix -logy sleep-o-logy word-formation by CLIPPING sleepo (short for sleepology)

Word-formation by COMBINING FORMS sleep + suffix -logy OR -ology sleep-o-logy archae-o-logy archae-ology bio-logy bi-ology (bio-ology) cardio-logy cardi-ology (cardio-ology) etym-o-logy etym-ology fossil-o-logy fossil-ology geo-logy ge-ology (geo-ology) psycho-logy psych-ology (psycho-ology) socio-logy soci-ology (socio-ology)

Word-formation by COMBINING FORMS sleep + suffix -logy OR -ology sleep-o-logy archae-o-logy archae-ology bio-logy bi-ology (bio-ology) cardio-logy cardi-ology (cardio-ology) etym-o-logy etym-ology fossil-o-logy fossil-ology geo-logy ge-ology (geo-ology) psycho-logy psych-ology (psycho-ology) socio-logy soci-ology (socio-ology)  “o”: arguably a structural requirement / constraint  ology / ologies

word-formation by BLENDING sleep + education sleeped sleep-ed sleepEd

word-formation by COMBINING FORMS sleep + suffix -logy sleep-o-logy word-formation by BLENDING sleep + education sleeped sleep-ed sleepEd

??? sleep + (mara)thon sleep-a-thon sleep + (de)licious sleep-i-licious sleep-a-licious

BLENDING (also called portmanteau) sleep + (mara)thon sleep-a-thon sleep + (de)licious sleep-i-licious sleep-a-licious

BLENDING sm(oke) + (f)og = smog mo(dulator) + dem(odulator) = modem glo(al) + (lo)cal = glocal fr(iend) + enemy = frenemy ima(gine) + (en)gineering = imagineering pro(fessional) pro(ducer) More: zebra + donkey = zonkey: + (con)sumer = prosumer

ACRONYMS Sleep Disordered Breathing SDB Period Limb Movements of Sleep PLMS (initialism: alphabetism  acronym)

AI: Amnesty International, artificial intelligence BP: British Petroleum, blood pressure, beautiful people alphabetism: an initialism pronounced by reading the individual letters of the alphabet

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS read only memory ROM acronym: an initialism pronounced like individual lexical items

alphabetism: an initialism pronounced by reading the individual letters of the alphabet acronym: an initialism pronounced like individual lexical items HKSAR: SARS: CD: EU (European Union): VP (Vice-President):

alphabetism: an initialism pronounced by reading the individual letters of the alphabet acronym: an initialism pronounced like an individual lexical item “There are cases where alphabetisms are mixed with acronyms and the two systems of pronunciation are combined: e.g. VP (for Vice-President) pronounced like veep and ROTC (for Reserve Officers Training Corps) pronounced like rotcy.” (Jackson & Zé Amvela 2007:103)

SHORTENING initialism: alphabetism ( acronyms) Sleep Disordered Breathing SDB clipping (or, ellipsis / truncation) expo (short for exposition) flu (short for influenza) varsity (short for university) uni (short for university)

SHORTENING initialism: alphabetism ( acronyms) Sleep Disordered Breathing SDB clipping (or, ellipsis / truncation) expo (short for exposition) flu (short for influenza) varsity (short for university) uni (short for university) aphesis (in casual speech) … ‘scuse me; ‘fessor; hold it, ‘cause I …

What might have blocked the formation of the following? sleep-ee sleepi-li-ness sleep-ish-li-ness sleep-less-li-ness

What might have blocked the formation of the following? sleep-ee Language use (pragmatic) constraint on productivity: adviser - advisee employer – employee trainer – trainee ?sleeper – sleepee? (morphologically speaking, there is no structural constraint)

What might have blocked the formation of the following? sleep-ee Language use (pragmatic) constraint on productivity: adviser - advisee employer – employee trainer – trainee ?sleeper – sleepee? (morphologically speaking, there is no structural constraint) Possible confusion when spoken: sleepy sleepee

Linguistic-Meaning (semantic) or Language-Use (pragmatic) constraint on productivity: adviser - advisee employer – employee trainer – trainee ?sleeper – sleepee? (although there is no structural constraint) Can you think of semantic or pragmatic situations for the productive formation & use of the words below: EXERCISE: sleepee, escapee, escaper

Which of the following seems to be the most productive in word formation? -er less -ly ness -ish -logy -thon -licious

What words might you form using the root “crab” and the following? -er less -ly ness -ish -logy -thon -licious

What words might you form using the root “crab” and the following? crab-er crab-less crab-ly crab-ness crab-ish crab-o-logy crab-a-thon crab-a-licious

Word-forms & word-formation Inflection & derivation Derivation by affixation conversion (zero suffix) suffixation Compounding & shortening compound combining form blend shortening: initialism (alphabetism, acronym); clipping; backformation; aphesis Productivity & possible words Blocking & constraints

Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Lexis, Morphology & Semantics for English Language Teaching"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback