1. GTA Office Hours Ms. Catheryn Van Kley (PAC M 203) is available at the following (& by appointment): - Monday (3:00-4:00 pm) - Tuesday (4:15-5:00 pm) - Friday (10:30-11:15 am) Assistance w/ course materials To see your previous tests To make up tests - only by appointment - MY APPROVAL REQUIRED

2. NB. The following slides (on Terminology) are not covered in the text book.

3. What is “Music”? “Organized Sounds and Silences” --John Cage

4. What can you organize? The 4 Parameters of Sound Pitch = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) Duration = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) Timbre = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) Dynamics = Loudness/Softness More Music Terminology—mine (not in the book)— this week and next

5. “RHYTHM” From a Greek word (“rhythmos”) that means “flow” Refers to all temporal (durational) elements in a piece of music “The organization of time in music, dividing up long spans of time into smaller, more easily comprehended units”

6. Some Terms related to Rhythm Beat – regular, unchanging pulse Accent – emphasis on a beat (or other) Meter – measurement of time in regular groupings of beats Measure or Bar – one group in a Meter - can be Duple, Triple, or Quadruple Division of beats can be Simple (2) or Compound (3) Tempo – speed of the beat

7. Examples for Rhythm The Thunderer by John Philip Sousa – YouTube Johann Strauss II - The Blue Danube Waltz – YouTube Dave Brubeck - Take Five ( Original Video) – YouTube Alan Jackson - Amazing Grace – YouTube The King's Singers - Greensleeves – YouTube Jethro Tull - Living In The Past 1969 – YouTube Don Ellis 1977 (10) Pussywiggle Stomp Monks singing Gregorian Chant in a Catholic Benedictine SeminaryMonks singing Gregorian Chant in a Catholic Benedictine Seminary

8. Rhythm – Last Term New word: syncopation – irregular or surprising accents in rhythmic patterns that disrupt the regular flow of a melody For information and explanations of meter, etc. - see the Textbook Appendix, p. 566-7 For information and explanations of form (on later slides) - see the Textbook Appendix, p. 567-8 For external help w/ basic theory see: Music Theory at the Piano - Lesson 1: Pitches, Notes, and Octaves – YouTube and following lessons (Hannah Hoffman)Music Theory at the Piano - Lesson 1: Pitches, Notes, and Octaves – YouTube

9. Five “Themes” 1.Listening Critically 2.Music and Identity 3.Music and Technology 4.Music is a Business 5.Music has “Centers” and “Peripheries” (places)

10. Music and Business (Theme 4) Music as a commodity (something bought and sold, and “consumed”) Industrial Model - efficient (“assembly line”) production - marketing - distribution and sales Illusion of “individuality” - manipulation of taste - leads to passivity - fragments community Theodor Adorno 1903-1969

11. Music Makers Brill Building (NYC) Capitol Records (LA) “Wrecking Crew” (LA Studio Musicians) Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller

12. “Indies” (Independent Regional Companies) Sun Records (Memphis, TN) Sam Phillips (1922-2003) “Million Dollar Quartet”

13. Behind the Scenes David Sarnoff (1891-1971) NBC, RCA Berry Gordy (b. 1929) Motown Records Phil Spector (b. 1939) “Brill Building” Quincy Jones (b. 1933) trumpeter, conductor, arranger, composer, producer, record company executive. 27 Grammys (79 nominations), Rock ‘n Roll Hall of Fame (2013) 2009 – Conviction for 2 nd degree Murder

14. (Still More) Useful Terms for Describing Music (my terms – most not in the textbook)

15. Dynamics How loud or soft (…in Italian…) “piano” = “soft” (abbrev. = p) “forte” = “loud” (“strong”) (abbrev. = f) “mezzo” = “medium” (abbrev. = m) mezzopiano, mezzoforte (mp, mf) “-issi-” = “-er”, e.g., pianissimo = pp, pianississimo = ppp, etc. (also fortissimo, etc.) Changing dynamics (growing louder/softer) crescendo / descrescendo or diminuendo

16. What can you organize? The 4 Parameters of Sound Pitch = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) Duration = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) Timbre = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) Dynamics = Loudness/Softness

17. PITCH Function of “frequency” (how many vibrations per second) Usually described as “high” or “low” Individual sound sometimes called a “note” (from the written symbol for a single sound) Range of human hearing 20 – 20,000 Hz

18. Some Useful Terms related to Pitch Interval – “distance” between 2 pitches Octave – 2:1 ratio of frequency Tonality – organization around home pitch Tonic – the home pitch Key – collection of pitches around a tonal center Scale – set of pitches in ascending and descending order (scala [Ital.] = “ladder”)

19. Friendly Warning Test # 1 in about 10-12 days (covers Chapter 1 & Terminology) Official Date to be announced next Tuesday