1. The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
Chapter 12, part C
The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

2. The Protozoa versus other eukaryotic microbes
Table 12.1

3. The Protozoa Eukaryotic Unicellular Chemoheterotrophs
Classified by means of locomotion
Asexual reproduction by fission, budding, or schizogony
Sexual reproduction by conjugation
Some produce cysts
Figure 12.16

4. Archaezoa: Flagellates
Mastigophora: have two or more flagella
No mitochondria
Multiple flagella
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)
Figure 12.17b-d

5. Rhizopoda (amoebas) Move by pseudopods Entamoeba Acanthamoeba
No jpeg for Figure 21.21
Figure 12.18a

6. Ciliophora (ciliates)
Move by cilia
Complex cells
Balantidium coli is the only human parasite
Figure 12.20

7. Apicomplexa: Sporozoa
Nonmotile
Intracellular parasites
Complex life cycles
Plasmodium
Babesia
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora
Toxoplasmosis

8. Plasmodium 1 2 9 3 Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction 8 4 5 7 6
Infected mosquito bites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver of human 2
Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cell; merozoites are produced
Sporozoites in salivary gland 9
Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito 3
Merozoites released into bloodsteam from liver may infect new red blood cells
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction 8
In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote
Zygote
Intermediate host
Female gametocyte 4
Merozoite develops into ring stage in red blood cell
Male gametocyte
Ring
stage 5
Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites
Definitive host 7
Another mosquito bites infected humnan and ingests gametocytes 6
Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes
Merozoites
Figure 12.19

9. Euglenozoa Move by flagella Photoautotrophs Euglenoids
Chemoheterotrophs
Trypanosoma
transmitted by vectors
Leishmania
Flagellated form in sand fly vector, ovoid form in vertebrate host

10. Euglenozoa Chloroplasts Eyespot Use flagella to move to light
Positively phototropic
May “eat” tiny particles as well
Figure 12.21

11. Slime Molds

12. Cellular Slime Molds Cellular slime molds Plasmodial slime molds
Resemble amoebas, ingest bacteria by phagocytosis
Cells aggregate into stalked fruiting body.
Some cells become spores
Plasmodial slime molds
Multinucleated large cells
Cytoplasm separates into stalked sporangia
Nuclei undergo meiosis and form uninucleate haploid spores

13. Cellular Slime Mold
Figure 12.22

14. Plasmodial Slime Mold
Figure 12.23