1. Notes – Unit One Measurements and Properties of Materials

2. Measurements Give an example of something you do that requires measuring. Give an example of something you do that requires measuring. What are some important things to keep in mind when making a measurement? What are some important things to keep in mind when making a measurement? Accuracy Accuracy Units Units What are units? What are units? The divisions you are measuring in, like centimeters or inches or grams or ounces. The divisions you are measuring in, like centimeters or inches or grams or ounces.

3. Reading Scales There is no such thing as a perfect measurement! There is no such thing as a perfect measurement! Read scales as ___________ and ___________ as possible; Read scales as ___________ and ___________ as possible; Use _________ scales; Use _________ scales; ___________ between divisions. ___________ between divisions. A. B. C. D. A.B.C.D. 1.10 cm 2.45 cm 3.00 cm 4.76 cm accuratelyprecisely Estimate metric

4. Volume Definition: _________________________ Definition: ____________________________________________________________ Units: ______ or ______ Units: ______ or ______ The amount of space an object or material takes up Read the ________ of the meniscus bottom cm 3 mL

5. Calculating Volume Method 1: Length x Width x Height Measure the length, width and height of an object and __________ them together Measure the length, width and height of an object and __________ them together Example: volume of a kleenex box Length = 22.5 cm; Width = 12.0 cm; Height = 7.6 cm Length = 22.5 cm; Width = 12.0 cm; Height = 7.6 cm Volume = ____________________ = _______ multiply 22.5 cm x 12.0 cm x 7.6 cm 2052 cm 3

6. Method 2: Water Displacement Add enough water to a beaker or graduated cylinder to _____________________ and record the level of the water __________________ Add enough water to a beaker or graduated cylinder to _____________________ and record the level of the water __________________ Add the object to the water and record the new water level __________________; Add the object to the water and record the new water level __________________; Subtract the ________ volume from the _________ volume _________. Subtract the ________ volume from the _________ volume _________. completely submerge the object (initial volume A) (final volume B) initial final (B - A) Initial Volume A Final Volume B

7. Water Displacement (con’t) Example: measure the volume of the dinosaur Example: measure the volume of the dinosaur Initial volume of water = ___________ Initial volume of water = ___________ Final volume of water = ___________ Final volume of water = ___________ Volume of dinosaur = ______________ = Volume of dinosaur = ______________ =______ 4.8 mL 5.6 mL 5.6 mL – 4.8 mL 0.8 mL

8. Review In your own words, what does volume measure? In your own words, what does volume measure? What method would you use to measure the volume of a rock? What method would you use to measure the volume of a rock?

9. Mass Definition:__________________________ Definition:__________________________ Units:__________; Units:__________; Always read to 0.1 gram (1 decimal place) Always read to 0.1 gram (1 decimal place) amount of matter in an object grams (g) Scale reads ____________ 373.3 g Triple Beam Balance

10. Practice Problems Measuring Quiz

11. A rectangular solid measures 3.0 cm by 2.0 cm by 1.0 cm. What is the volume of the object? Answer: 3.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 1.0 cm = 6.0 cm³

12. A graduated cylinder initially contains 10.0 mL of water. A gold ring is added to the water, and the water level rises to 13.6 mL. What is the volume of the ring? Answer: 13.6 mL – 10.0 mL = 3.6 mL

13. If a block measuring 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 20.0 mL of water, to what level would the water rise? Answer: 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm = 8.0 cm³ 20.0 mL + 8 cm³ = 28.0 mL

14. Read the correct volume of water in each cylinder. A._______B._______C._______ 46 mL2.8 mL 53 mL

15. What is the length of the black object? A. __________ To what measurement is the blue arrow pointing? B. __________ cm 41.62 cm 4.20 cm

16. A.What is the initial volume of water in the cylinder? __________ B.What is the final volume of water in the cylinder? __________ C.What is the volume of the fish? __________ 32 mL 38 mL 6 mL

17. Graphing Basics Independent vs. Dependent Variables Graph Scales

18. Independent vs. Dependent Variables Scientists use an experiment to search for ______________________________ in nature. They design an experiment so that changes to one factor cause a predictable change to another. Scientists use an experiment to search for ______________________________ in nature. They design an experiment so that changes to one factor cause a predictable change to another. These changing factors are called __________. Two kinds of variables are ____________ and _____________. These changing factors are called __________. Two kinds of variables are ____________ and _____________. cause and effect relationships variables dependentindependent

19. The independent variable is the one that is __________________________. To ensure a fair test, a good experiment has ___________ independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he observes the effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the one that is __________________________. To ensure a fair test, a good experiment has ___________ independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he observes the effect on the dependent variable.fair testfair test The dependent variable ____________ the independent variable. The dependent variable ____________ the independent variable. changed by the scientist only ONE depends on

20. For example, if you drop a tennis ball from increasing heights, the rebound height changes in response--you observe the higher the drop height, the higher the rebound height. For example, if you drop a tennis ball from increasing heights, the rebound height changes in response--you observe the higher the drop height, the higher the rebound height. The scientist changes the drop height, so this is the ___________ variable. The rebound height is the _________ variable. independent dependent

21. I = independent D = dependent _____Height ball bounces _____Height ball is dropped from _____Heating time _____Temperature of liquid _____Intensity of odor _____Distance you stand from perfume vial D D D I I I

22. I = independent D = dependent _____ Amount of water given _____Growth rate of plant _____Flowrate of water _____Opening of faucet valve _____Weight of pendulum _____Period of pendulum swing D D D I I I

23. Graphing Rules: Use pencil! Use pencil! Include a TITLE. Include a TITLE. Graph the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE on the X- axis (horizontal  ); Graph the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE on the X- axis (horizontal  ); Graph the DEPENDENT VARIALBE on the Y- axis (vertical  ) Graph the DEPENDENT VARIALBE on the Y- axis (vertical  ) LABEL each axis with both the NAME OF THE VARIABLE and the UNITS; LABEL each axis with both the NAME OF THE VARIABLE and the UNITS;

24. Graph Scales 1. Make your scales EASY to use. 2. Scale increments must be CONSISTENT. 3. Use up as MOST OF THE GRAPH SPACE. 4. Increase to the top and to the right. 5. Scales do not need to start at zero. 6. Scales do not have to be the same on both axes. 0 5 10 15 20 0 3 6 9 12 YES NO 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 20 30 YES NO

25. Draw a BEST-FIT CURVE showing the TREND OF THE DATA. Do not draw dot-to-dot curves. YES NO If more than one curve is on the same graph, you must include a KEY.

26. Notes - Density

27. Density - Definition Mass per unit volume of a substance Mass per unit volume of a substance Think of density as the amount of matter that is packed into a given volume Less Dense More Dense

28. Calculation and Units Density = Mass__ Density = Mass__ Volume Volume Units = units of mass = g or g Units = units of mass = g or g units of volume mL cm³

29. Sanchez Circle M VD

30. Density and Floating If an object floats in water, it is LESS dense than water (D < 1.0 g/mL) If an object floats in water, it is LESS dense than water (D < 1.0 g/mL) If an object sinks in water, it is MORE dense than water (D > 1.0 g/mL) If an object sinks in water, it is MORE dense than water (D > 1.0 g/mL)