1. Lecture 21 Based on Chapter 21 Population Genetics Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Inc.

2. 1. Introduction

3. 2. Genetic Structure of Populations

4. 3. The Hardy-Weinberg Law

5. 4. Derivation of the Hardy-Weinberg Law

6. 5. Extension of the H-W Law to Loci with More than 2 Alleles

8. 7. Testing for Hardy-Weinberg Proportions

9. 8. Using H-W to Estimate Allele Frequencies

10. 9. Genetic Variation in Space and time

11. 10. Genetic Variation in Natural Populations

13. 12. Measuring Genetic Variation at the DNA Level

14. 13. Heterozygosity

16. 15. Populations not in Equilibrium 1.Mutation 2.Genetic Drift Bottleneck Founder Effect 3.Migration 4.Natural Selection Darwinian fitness Coefficient of selection