4. Stabilizing selection

5. Fig. 16.9 Human birth weight, an example of stabilizing selection

6. Directional selection

7. Fig. 16.10 An example of directional selection. Guppies become more colorful (blue and yellow lines on graph) in the absence of predation, and less colorful (red graph line) when in the presence of predation.

8. D.disruptive selection 1.both extreme phenotypes are adaptive and selected for 2.two “averages” are formed Disruptive selection

9. Fig. 16.8 Three different kinds of selection: (a) stabilizing, (b) directional, and (c) disruptive

10. Another real example of the three different kinds of selection

11. An example of genetic drift

12. Fig. 16.6 Genetic drift

13. Schematic view of a population bottleneck

14. Schematic view of founder effect