1. Photosynthesis

2. The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass/matter conservation, states that the mass of an isolated system (closed to all matter and energy) will remain constant over time. The law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

3. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis transforms solar energy into carbohydrates. Essential for the continuance of life The source of food and oxygen for nearly all living things 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 solar energy

4. Photosynthesis Raw materials: CO 2 + H 2 O End products: carbohydrates Organelle: chloroplast Two sets of reactions —Light-dependent reaction O 2 is produced —Calvin cycle reaction carbohydrate is produced

5. Light-dependent reaction An energy capturing reaction Visible light has many components

6. Pigments in chloroplast absorb various portions of visible light Chlorophyll a & b: violet, blue, and red Carotenoid: violet, blue, and green

7. Solar energy photosystem II (pigments) breaking down H 2 O Electrons (from H 2 O) electron transport chain (ETC) photosystem I NADP + NADPH

8. Calvin cycle reaction Using ATP & NADPH made in the light reactions to produce carbohydrate taking place in the stroma

9. Paper Chromatography An analytical chemistry technique: separating & identifying mixtures that are / can be colored A piece of paper is dipped into solvent solvent molecules: keep finding new places to stick to; climb up the paper being replaced by new solvent molecules below molecules dissolved in the solvent: are carried along up the paper sample mixture solvent level

10. sample mixture solvent level different compounds in the sample mixture travel at different rates differences in solubility in the solvent & in their attraction to the paper fibers the more soluble the component the further it goes

11. Experiments Following handout