1. H11/29/12; T11/22/11; T11/16/10; T11/17/09; W11/19/08; H11/29/07; M11/27/06; M11/28/05 Immigration in 1840’s & 1850’s (Ch. 13.1; pp. 351-358)

2. Opening Questions Q: How did immigration impact PERSIA factors in the 1840’s & 1850’s? Q: How did native-born Americans respond to the immigration of the time period?

3. I. Overview -great wave of immigration -1845-54: 3M immigrants -Out of approx. 20M population -1.8M Irish -Largest proportion of immigrants ever -Irish & German -1860 – 12% foreign born

4. Historical Immigration to the U.S.

5. II. Reasons -escape persecution -small number of imm. -religious: English Mormons, Swedish Quakers -political: German ‘48ers -Economic opportunity -vast majority of imm. -Irish: potato famine -Germans

6. III. Settlement Patterns A.Irish –British port cities → NE cities (5 Points) –individuals – “Paddy & Bridget” –Catholic –unskilled jobs & domestic servants –economic competition w/ free blacks & Nativists anti-abolitionist, pro-Catholic Irish Stereotypes

7. III. Settlement Patterns(cont.) B. Germans –Central Eur. ports → MS/NO to MS river & GL cities St.L, Cin, Mil, Chi, Det –families & whole comm. –insular group – built strong comm. –different classes move together –Lutheran (some Catholic & Jewish) –distrust by Nativists

8. IV. Nativists native-born Americans (at least 1 generation) anti-immigrant resented private Catholic schools fear of papacy, drinking riots & fights – 1844 “Bible Riots” create American Party (“Know Nothing” Party) national party by 1850’s

9. V. Irish Politics Democratic Party –Why? –jobs, neighborhood associations Other parties? –Whigs: public schools, temperance –Free Soil, Liberty, Republican: anti-slavery –Know-Nothings: anti-immigrant

10. Closing Questions Comparisons to earlier immigration patterns? –economic vs. religious/political freedom? Why Nativists?