2. “THE FALL OF RICHMOND” BY CURRIER AND IVES

3. North- immigration, Industrial Revolution, bustling activity, education, cities South- slower-paced, plantations, small farms, slavery Fugitive Slave Act- required all citizens (free states and slave states) to help catch runaway slaves Lincoln was elected, dedicated his Republican party to ending slavery, southern states seceded from Union Civil War began which resulted in nearly 620,000 soldiers dying and 500,000 wounded HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

4. Realism began after Civil War Enormous cost of life shattered the nation’s idealism Writers began to focus on “real life” as ordinary people lived it and attempted to show characters and events in an honest, objective way LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS