1. Human Body Systems

3. Integumentary System Functions: –protects the body against pathogens – helps regulate body temperature Major Organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands Helps to maintain homeostasis

4. Circulatory/Cardiovascular System Functions: –Transports nutrients, wastes, and chemicals to and from all cells Major organs: heart, arteries & veins, blood O2 for and CO2 from cellular respiration – for energy

5. Respiratory System Functions: –carries air into and out of lungs, –gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) are exchanged Major organs: air passages, lungs, nose & mouth O2 and CO2 move from blood cells to air sacs by diffusion

6. Lymphatic & Immune Systems Functions: –provides protection against infection and disease Major organs: lymph nodes and blood vessels, white blood cells White Blood Cells engulf bacteria by endocytosis

7. Digestive System Functions: –Digests food –absorbs nutrients –eliminates waste Major organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small & large intestines Food is broken down into nutrients and sugars for cells – absorbed through cell membrane

8. Excretory & Urinary Systems Functions: –eliminates solid and liquid wastes –maintains water and chemical balance Major organs: kidneys, bladder, urethra, skin, lungs Wastes result from digestion and homeostasis

9. Nervous System Functions: –Communicates electrical messages –Controls other body systems –Coordinates senses –Maintains homeostasis Major organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs, receptors Fast communication, brain controls rest of body

10. Endocrine System Functions: –maintains homeostasis –regulates metabolism –controls sexual development, and reproduction Major organs: Hormones and glands (adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, and pituitary) Hormones are proteins – chemical messenger carried by the blood

11. Reproductive System Functions: –produces gametes –Allows for development of fetus after fertilization Major organs: ovaries, uterus, mammary glands (in females), testes (in males) Gametes formed by meiosis

12. Skeletal System Functions: –provides structure and support –protects internal organs Major structures: bones, ligaments

13. Muscular System Functions: –Moves bones –Protects organs Major structures: muscles (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth) These cells have LOTS of mitochondria – for cell respiration