1. ANALISIS OF OBSERVED GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE Konstantin Vinnikov Department Atmospheric and Oceanic Science College of Computer, Mathematical & Natural Sciences University of Maryland April 19, 2013

2. CLIMATE CHANGE ANALYSIS IN DATA OF SURFACE, SATELLITE & ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS Global Surface Air is warming Arctic Sea Ice Extent is decreasing Global Tropospheric Air is warming Sea level rise – Antarctic melting Climate Variability is not increasing Climate in MD is changing Urbanization makes local climate better Air Pollution in MD is decreasing 2

3. DETECTION OF SURFACE GLOBAL WARMING 3

4. Russia, 1976: DETECTION OF GLOBAL WARMING Budyko & Vinnikov, 1976 Arctic N.H. 4

5. Global Warming Signature: POLAR & WINTER AMPLIFICATION α ≈ ΔT(Lat, Mon) /ΔT AVERAGE Vinnikov, 1986 5

6. The Best of Currently Available Data Sets 6 Vose et al., 2012

7. DETECTION OF ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT DECREASING 7

8. FIRST RUSSIAN DATA ON ARCTIC OCEAN SEA ICE EXTENT Vinnikov et al., 1980 8

9. OBSERVED AND MODELED NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SEA ICE EXTENT Vinnikov et al., 1999 9

10. Cavalieri et al, 2003; Vinnikov et al., 2006. 10

11. DETECTION OF TROPOSPHERIC GLOBAL WARMING 11

12. SATELLITE MONITORING OF MEAN TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. Vinnikov & Grody, 2003 12

13. Vinnikov et al., 2003 13

14. Vinnikov et al., 2005 14

15. Observed Trend in Polar Motion Suggests Accelerating Ice Loss from Antarctica 15

16. SEA LEVEL RISE and ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET MELTING ETKINS & VINNIKOV, not yet published 16

17. TRENDS IN CLIMATE VARIABILITY 17

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22. CLIMATE CHANGE IN MARYLAND 22

23. 23 East Coast States: Observed Seasonal Variation of Mean Air Temperature and Trend

24. 24 East Coast States: Observed Seasonal Variation of Mean Precipitation and Trend

25. 25 East Coast Rivers: Observed Seasonal Variations of Runoff and Trend

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28. 28 Annual Cycle of Precipitation in MD and VA has MAX in the Summer and MIN in the Autumn. This makes our climate so nice.

29. 29 The most important observed century scale climatic trends in Maryland and Virginia

30. 30 How well climatic models simulate future MD climate change and variability? SUMMER

31. Frost Free Period is increasing at Urban stations and decreasing at BWI? 31

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33. Decreasing of Frost Free Period. 33

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35. Cities in Desert: URBANIZATION MAKES LOCAL CLIMATE BETTER 35

36. RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA -

37. Urban pixels: 1,2,12,21,22,29,31,39. MEAN ANNUAL URBAN = 27.8°C Desert pixels: 6,7,8,9,15,16,17,18,25,26,27,34,35, 36,44,45 MEAN ANNUAL DESERT = 25.0°C LST urb -LST dsrt = 2.8°C 37

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39. Estimates based on approximation with number of harmonics K=N=4 39

40. CAIRO, EGIPT - 40

41. URBAN ## 13,14,19,20 DESERT ## d1, d2, d3, d8, d10, d15, d16, d17 ANNUAL MEAN DIFFERENCES: LSTurb-LSTdsrt = 1.3K 41

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43. AIR POLLUTION IN MARYLAND 43

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45. CLIMATE CHANGE ANALYSIS IN DATA OF SURFACE, SATELLITE & ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS Global Surface Air is warming Arctic Sea Ice Extent is decreasing Global Tropospheric Air is warming Sea level rise – Antarctic melting Climate Variability is not increasing Climate in MD is changing - seasonality Urbanization makes local climate better Air Pollution in MD is decreasing 45

46. THANK YOU! 46