1. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Final instruction Aggregated conclusions and tips Christos Spitas, Petra Badke-Schaub Vasilios Spitas

2. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Learning objectives Educate students in different complimentary advanced methods and tools for embodiment design developed in the four partner universities Provide a comprehensive practice experience to students, useful in itself to build up original design knowledge and to support and substantiate the learning process and competence acquisition

3. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Learning objectives Educate students in reflecting on their design process and competences, gaining essential skills for sustained growth and life-long learning (modern ICT-assisted design protocol analysis) Produce students with well-integrated competence in Embodiment Design in the context of Product Engineering

4. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Analysis of design protocols: Process Challenge Embodiment Design: complex, costly and mission-critical phase in product design and engineering Often involving large development teams How far it was met Process: effective? tackled complexity? Process: teamwork, team roles systematised? Belbin

5. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Examples Space antenna Material suitability for deep space/ temperature extremes? Minimum weight violated! Vibration modes! (bending, torsion) Ambiguity in engineering drawings Validation?

6. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Examples Spinnaker Load case! But which material? Weight/ density, flotation not considered! Engineering of hoisting points! Ambiguity in engineering drawings Validation?

7. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands

8. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands

9. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands

10. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Tips (for junior engineers) Employ analysis as ‘systematic decomposition’, not as ‘thinking about a problem’ Perform heuresis as ‘systematic synthesis’ etc formal mappings, not as ‘inspired ideation’ Perform evaluation as an objective mathematics-based operation, not as an intuitive or ‘democratic’ process Make all choices explicit; anticipate them and plan beforehand supporting evaluations

11. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Tips (for junior engineers) Plan and cluster your work in targeted/ focused short-cycle (time-bound) work packages, each comprising meaningful sequences of analysis, heuresis, evaluation and choice Do not engage in unplanned ‘spaghetti’ sessions. Check your time vs. your plan. Develop error handling procedures. Manage your knowledge (searching) and computational resources

12. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Tips (for junior engineers) Be clear in your interim and final outputs (TDP, validations). Pay attention to detail and follow communication standards. These will be used by others down the project value chain and must be adequate and complete. A design that cannot defend itself does not pass the next stage gate. Be positive. Be patient. Stay focused. Engineering design can involve a lot of tedium and does not have to be fun to be done.

13. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Analysis of design protocols: Content Challenge Systematic ability to analyse requirements and synthesise appropriate solutions is essential for innovation and success in a highly competitive global environment 'Turning function into embodiment' How far it was met Quality/ focus of interim results, solutions How far, how specific?

14. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Examples Electromotor flange Over-constrained, functional tolerances not considered! Too many parts! Simplicity? Ambiguity in engineering drawings Validation? Reduce complexity – – But not too complex – Simplification Problem was not ill-defined Not understanding how the thing works Missing – reduced goal

15. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Didactic programme AMP

16. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands CRITICAL SITUATIONS TASKTEAMPROCESS Problem analysis and definition CoordinationManagement of disturbances Idea generationClimatePlanning (manage- ment of resources) Solution analysis and decision Conflicts Individual: Cognitive – motivational – emotional processes

17. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Embodiment design systematise product engineering Object – system – goal analysis Design with uncertainty C & C 2 approach

18. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands CRITICAL SITUATIONS TASK Problem analysis and definition CoordinationManagment of disturbances Idea generationClimatePlaning (management of ressources) Solution analysis and decision Conflicts Individual: Cognitive – motivational – emotional processes TRIZ Design with uncertainty/C & C 2 Idea mapping d OCG

19. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Embodiment design is…. interaction methodology reflection

20. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands CRITICAL SITUATIONS: Reflection TASKTEAMPROCESS Problem analysis and definition CoordinationManagment of disturbances Idea generationClimatePlanning (manage- ment of resources) Solution analysis and decision Conflicts Individual: Cognitive – motivational – emotional processes BELBIN Eye-tracking Smart pen

21. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands TASK: COGNITIVE PROCESSES Dealing with uncertainty Reduction of complexity

22. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands TASK Cognitive processes: – need to reduce complexity, – need to economise: to save time and effort Routine patterns – Humans tend to follow established practices – their range of thinking and acting is limited- also in new situations reduced goal elaboration reduced analysis

23. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Consequences in situations of uncertainty 1.thinking and acting is centred at the self - not at the problem 2.prevention of self-reflection 3.avoidance of further exploration 4.groupthink

24. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands 1.Setting goals 2.Developing strategies 3.Coordination: scheduling procedural tasks and responsibilities in order to accomplish the goals Process: Planning is a higher cognitive task

25. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands WHY? Motivational system: self-protection 1.Need for affiliation = to feel integrated in a group 2.Need for control = to feel assured to know what is going to happen 3.Need for competence = perceived competence to satisfy the basic needs

26. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands The vicious circle of failures no adaptation – no change

27. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Cognitive-motivational model explaining deficiencies in planning & decision making feeling of competence - need for control emotional strain - physiological activation - choice of well- known rules and schemata avoidance of further mental load + quick decisions no decisions + uncertainty + + - aggression regression resignation low exploration: search of new information + - DOiNG RIGHT ? DOiNG WRONG

28. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands shaper teamworker

29. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands implementor

30. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Design with Uncertainty Flow??

31. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands All roads leading to …. DELFT

32. AMP-EMBODY ERASMUS Intensive Programme Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands Your way to …. DELFT THANK YOU