1. Classification and Phylogeny These notes are from Chapter 26

2. Figure 26.3 Species: Panthera pardus Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Animalia Domain: Archaea Domain: Eukarya

3. Linneaus Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778) is the father of modern taxonomy. He conceived of giving each organism a unique scientific name bases on its classification. Binomial nomenclature Linneaus was a classifying savant.

4. How to write a scientific name 1. 2. 3 (Binomial Nomenclature)

5. Figure 26.5 Branch point: where lineages diverge ANCESTRAL LINEAGE This branch point represents the common ancestor of taxa A–G. This branch point forms a polytomy: an unresolved pattern of divergence. Sister taxa Basal taxon Taxon A Taxon B Taxon C Taxon D Taxon E Taxon F Taxon G

6. Phylogenetic Tree Read, “What we Can and Cannot Learn from Phylogenetic Trees”- page 539

7. Page 544 Read Caption to 26.12, page 544, while viewing the next picture

8. Figure 26.11 TAXA Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Bass Frog Turtle Leopard Vertebral column (backbone) Four walking legs Hinged jaws Amnion Hair Vertebral column Hinged jaws Four walking legs Amnion Hair (a) Character table (b) Phylogenetic tree CHARACTERS Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Bass Frog Turtle Leopard 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

9. Figure 26.11b Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Bass Frog Turtle Leopard Vertebral column Hinged jaws Four walking legs Amnion Hair (b) Phylogenetic tree

11. Hammerkop- South Africa