1. CVI: Cerebral Visual Impairment Revision Issues So What?

2. Revision: CVI Terminology Definitions Implications Interventions

3. Terminology Cerebral, cortical, cognitive? Blindness or Visual Impairment?

4. Definitions CVI: predominant among children with VI in industrial nations (especially in relation to children with multiple disabilities). Lack of interdisciplinary work - differing definitions Now: Agreement that CVI stands for Cerebral Visual Impairment

5. Definitions CVI is caused by damage to the brain - those parts of the brain which process vision but highly complex because of the diverse areas of the brain involved in vision and visual cognition.

6. Issues Lack of understanding of condition Definitions of visual impairment Misunderstanding of behaviours (ADHD, ASD) Need for further research on clinical and functional assessments of CVI

7. Implications: Cerebral Palsy Spastic Cerebral Palsy: muscles become very stiff and weak, especially under effort Athetoid Cerebral Palsy: loss of control of posture - unwanted movements Ataxic Cerebral Palsy: Speech and balance problems- shaky movements

8. Implications: MDVI/PMLD Physical: Hand-eye co-ordination Dealing with new environments Depth perception See moving targets, but fail to notice fast moving objects Fail to fixate or follow moving toy with their eyes Fail to recognize or identify shapes or faces

9. Assessment and Intervention (Developmental) Notices Stimuli (1) Reacts to close contact with familiar adult (2) Responds to very obvious stimulus (3) Demonstrates brief memory for previously presented stimulus (4) Responds to familiar voice or other personal identifier (5) Responds to range of stimuli (6) Supported 1:1 turn-taking with adult (7) Responds to own name (8) Responds consistently to one stimulus (9) Briefly follows moving stimulus (10)

10. Responds consistently to one stimulus (9) Briefly follows moving stimulus (10) Shows behaviour which might be interpreted as rejection to some stimuli (11) Responds differently to different stimuli (12) Terminates interaction with an adult (13) Anticipates repetitively presented stimulus (14) Objects to termination of interaction(15) Aided exploration of the environment (16) Anticipates within social routines (17) Redirects attention to second object (18) Random activities cause effect (19) Looks briefly after disappearing object (20) Action on reactive environment (21)