1. NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONS, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY SYSTEM CARE, INJURIES & ILLNESSES

2. FUNCTIONS *Acts as the Body’s Communication Network & Control Center. *Controls all of the Body’s Actions & Functions *Senses changes in your outside environment *Enables the body to respond to outside stimulus within fractions of a second

3. Anatomy

4. SYSTEM STRUCTURE Central Nervous System Brain & Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Nerves, Sensory & Motor Neurons Note: The CNS & PNS work together cooperatively to give us coordination, balance, & quick reflexes

5. CNS: BRAIN STRUCTURE *Largest, most complex part of Nervous System *Responsible for Thinking, Remembering, Reasoning, and Coordinating Movement. *Involved in Emotion and Everything Sensible. *Weighs ~3 lbs. *Reaches Full Size by Age 6. *Uses more than 20% of Oxygen Inhaled *Protected by bone, Meninges (membrane) & Cerebrospinal Fluid. *Receives, Processes, Stores & Retrieves Information

6. CNS: BRAIN STRUCTURE (cont.) Three Major Sections: CEREBRUM  Largest most complex part of the brain Site of Conscious/ Intelligent Thought Divided into two halves: Right HemisphereLeft Hemisphere Controls Left Side Controls Right Side Imagination, Visual Language, Logic, Critical Thinking, Form, SpatialThinking, Analysis, Relationships, ColorArithmetic Calculation Appreciation, Emotional Responses, Art(*4 Lobes ea.)

7. CNS: BRAIN STRUCTURE (cont.) CEREBELLUM  Second largest part of the Brain. Located beneath Occipital Lobe of Cerebrum Controls Posture, Balance/Equilibrium and Coordination BRAIN STEM  3 in. long Stalk of Nerves Connects Brain to Spinal Cord Controls Breathing, Heart Beat & Eye Reflexes Involuntary (not under conscious control) Consists of Midbrain; Pons; & Medulla Oblongata

8. CNS: SPINAL CORD STRUCTURE *Cylinder of Nerve Tissue *~18 inches long *As thick as the “index finger” *Protected by Vertebrae, Cerebrospinal Fluid & Meninges *Sprouts Spinal Nerves Responsible for Sensory & Motor Neurons.

9. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Split into Two Main Divisions….. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM & AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

10. PNS: SOMATIC N.S. STRUCTURE Transmits Impulses to Skeletal Muscles. Utilizes Motor Neurons. Responsible for VOLUNTARY Body Actions.

11. PNS: AUTONOMIC N.S. STRUCTURE  Controls Automatics  INVOLUNTARY Body Actions Split into Two Divisions:  Sympathetic Nervous System *Emergency Response System *Fight or Flight Response  Parasympathetic Nervous System *Opposes the Sympathetic Nervous System *Returns body back to normal

12. HOW DOES IT WORK? NERVOUS SYSTEM LAYOUT ___________________________|___________________________ Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System | | Brain ------------------------------------------------------ || | || | Spinal Cord Somatic NS Autonomic NS (Voluntary Brain Function) (“Automatic Brain Function) | _________________________________________________________| | | ParaSympathetic NS Sympathetic NS (Calm Down after traumatic experience) (adrenaline rush in traumatic experiences)

13. NEURON STRUCTURE NEURONS: AKA  Nerve Cell Dendrites -branching projections of cell body -receive & carry impulses to the cell body Cell Body -control center of the neuron -surrounded by cell membrane -contains nucleus Nucleus-receives, analyzes & sends impulses -regulates amounts & types of proteins made in the cell Axons-threadlike extension of cell body -carries impulses away from cell body -covered in Myelin Sheath Axon Terminals- deliver & project impulses onto the Dendrites of the next nerve cell (synapse occurs).

14. NEURONS Two Types: Sensory Neurons bring messages from the Environment/ Outside Stimulus to the CNS Motor Neurons send messages from CNS to react to Outside Stimulus. (Motor= Movement)

15. NEURONS Brain recognizes information from Five different areas as Sensory. We know them as our Senses… *_______________________ *_______________________ The Brain analyzes the Sensory, decides how to act and then sends the message by way of Motor Neurons.

16. CARE

17. INJURIES **More than ½ Million people are Hospitalized for Brain/ Spinal Injuries** **20% of those injured, suffer life-long mental or physical impairment**

18. INJURIES (cont.) Head Injuries: Concussion: disturbance in ability to function Contusion: brain bruise Spinal Cord Injuries: Quadriplegia: Paralysis in from Shoulders down Paraplegia: Paralysis in the lower body

19. ILLNESSES Degenerative Diseases: breakdown or deterioration of function or structure of the system PARKINSON’S DISEASE  Progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain that regulate motor impulses

20. ILLNESSES (cont.) Degenerative Diseases: breakdown or deterioration of function or structure of the system MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS  Progressive destruction of the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord

21. ILLNESSES (cont.) Degenerative Diseases: breakdown or deterioration of function or structure of the system ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE:  General mental deterioration resulting in gradual memory loss. No Cure

22. ILLNESSES (cont.) Idiopathic Disease: Disorders with Unknown Causes EPILEPSY  A seizure disorder. Not a disease, but a symptom of an underlying problem. Could result from: * * Medication can help to control seizures.

23. ILLNESSES (cont.) Idiopathic Disease: Disorders with Unknown Causes CEREBRAL PALSY  Congenital in nature. Physical Therapy, braces, walking aids can help patients to live full active lives. Can result from: * * Certain cause is unknown.