1. MINE GASES

2. Normal Air is made up of: Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Trace Gases 1%

3. Specific Gravity: The weight of a gas compared to an equal volume of normal air at the same temperature and pressure. Normal air has a specific gravity of 1 This determines where in mine atmospheres, or within a confined space, we will find concentrations of particular gases

4. Examples: Carbon Dioxide 1.529 floor to mid drift Hydrogen 0.0695 against back or roof Oxygen 1.105 evenly distributed Hydrogen Sulfide 1.2 floor to mid drift Carbon Monoxide 0.967 evenly distributed Sulfur Dioxide 2.264 floor

5. Gases can and do pool Gases tend to flow as fluids in quantity These effects can displace Oxygen.

6. Ventilation:

7. Heavier gases are harder to ventilate than lighter gases. WHY? What are we ventilating with? Normal Air specific gravity of 1.0

8. THE EXPOLSIVES!

9. Methane 5-15 % Carbon Monoxide 12.5-75 % Hydrogen 4-74 % Hydrogen Sulfide 4.3-45 % Hazards of ventilating concentrations of any of these are: IGNITION SOURCES! MOVING IRRESPIRABLE GAS!

10. THE LAW!

11. In a mine or within a confined space, what is the minimum percentage of Oxygen necessary? 19.5% Anything less means VENTILATE! Most digital Oxygen detectors are set to alarm at 19.5%

12. THE QUIZ!

13. Which gas has the greatest specific gravity? A. Sulfur Dioxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen Dioxide A. Sulfur Dioxide

14. The explosive range of Hydrogen is? A. 5 - 15 % B. 12.5 - 75 % C. 4 - 45 % D. 4 - 74 %

15. Which of the following gases are liberated from underground diesel equipment? A. Carbon Monoxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Hydrogen Sulfide D. All of the above Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide

16. Which gas has an acidic taste in high concentrations? Carbon Dioxide

17. Which of the following gases are explosive? A. Methane B. Oxygen C. Carbon Dioxide D. Nitrogen E. Carbon Monoxide F. Hydrogen Sulfide G. Hydrogen Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide & Hydrogen

18. What gases and what percent of each make up normal air? Nitrogen 78 % Oxygen 21 % Trace gases 1 %

19. If you are ever concerned regarding the air quality in any area of the mine or on the surface… MAKE SURE Your life and the person who finds you depends on YOU If there are no gas detection instruments immediately available, DO NOT ENTER! VENTILATE