1. Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa
Chapter 8

2. Protostomes Deuterostomes Eumetazoa Metazoa Protozoa Monera (Bacteria)
Crustacea
Arachnida
Vertebrata
Insecta
Tunicata
Chordata
Arthropoda
Hemi-
chordata
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Pseudocoelomates
† Triploblasts
* Diploblasts
Coelomates
Acoelomates
Bilateria†
Radiata*
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Eumetazoa
Mesozoa
Parazoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)

3. Movement

4. Basics Unicellular  small No organs or tissues (protoplasmic)
Found in terrestrial, marine, aquatic and parasitic environments
Reproduce sexually or asexually
Nutrition:
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic

5. Groups we will talk about
Flagellates (Euglenozoa, and Dinozoa)
Ciliates (Ciliophora)
Amebas (No Phyla; Rhizopoda)
Apicomplexa

6. Outline Movement of Protozoa Protection of Protozoa Amoeboid Ciliary
Flagellar
Unknown
Protection of Protozoa
Ameba

7. Movement of Protists Flagellates (Euglenozoa, and Dinozoa)
Ciliates (Ciliophora)
Rizopoda (Amebas)
Apicomplexa

8. Movement of Protists Flagellates (Euglenozoa, and Dinozoa)
Ciliates (Ciliophora)
Rhizopoda (Amebas)
Apicomplexa
Flagellar movement
Ciliary movement
Amoeboid movement
Parasites

9. Amoeba

10. I. Amoeboid movement.
Ameboid locomotion is used by certain protists and by numerous kinds of ameboid cells that are located within the bodies of most Metazoa.

11. Complex changes in cell fine structure, chemistry, and behavior.
(gel-like)
(more fluid)

14. Mechanisms of Amoeboid movement.

15. Mechanisms of Amoeboid movement.

16. Pseudopodia Types
Lobopodia
Filopodia
Reticulopodia
Axopodia

17. Pseudopodia Types
Lobopodia
Filopodia
Reticulopodia
Axopodia

18. Pseudopodia Types
Lobopodia
Filopodia
Reticulopodia
Axopodia

19. Pseudopodia Types
Lobopodia
Filopodia
Reticulopodia
Axopodia

20. Pseudopodia Types
Lobopodia
Filopodia
Reticulopodia
Axopodia

21. Pseudopodia Types
Lobopodia
Filopodia
Reticulopodia
Axopodia

22. HELIOZOANS ACTINOPHRYS SP. I COLLECTED THIS ONE IN WISCONSIN.
Axopodia

23. Diversity of Locomotion in Amoebas
Creeping Rolling
Typical with lobopodia
Walking Bipedal-stepping
Filopodial creeping

24. Movement II. Cilia (Ciliophora)

26. Pellicle Underlies the plasma membrane of many protozoa.
The pellicle is rigid enough to maintain the shape of the protozoan, but is also flexible.

28. CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM

29. CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM

30. CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE

31. Movement of Paramecium

34. What is this?

35. Cilia act like walking legs!
A Hypotrich Ciliate: Stylonychia sp. uses cirri for “Walking”

36. Compound Ciliature
The function of some cilia is not only movement but feeding
Feeding currents

37. Example of ciliates with compound ciliature
Vorticella Stentor

40. Movement III. Flageller (Euglenozoa and Dinozoa)

41. Cilia and Flagella anatomy!

42. Cilia and Flagella anatomy!
This is the pattern characteristic of nearly all flagella and cilia.

44. Cilia move in waves: metachronal waves.
Undulatory movement
Power stroke or oar like action
Flagellar movement

45. The Big Picture
Protists are a group of paraphyletic, protoplasmic organisms.
Three types of movement are common among protists
Cilia and flagella have a arrangement