1. Analyze the following image. Include as many specific examples as possible. What is the artist’s opinion of Andrew Jackson?

2. Chapter 6.1

3. Objectives Explain how expanding voting rights made the nation more democratic and how this helped Andrew Jackson win election. Describe why Andrew Jackson opposed South Carolina’s nullification vote, supported the Indian Removal Act, and closed the Bank of the United States.

4. Introduction States expanded voting rights in the late 1820s, making the nation more democratic, which in turn helped Andrew Jackson win the election. As President, Jackson opposed South Carolina’s nullification vote, supported the Indian Removal Act, and closed the Bank of the United States Jackson was the first president to invite the public to his inauguration It became a boisterous affair

5. Election of 1828

6. States Expand Voting Rights In the early 1800s thousands of white Americans gained voting rights Many states lowered or eliminated property ownership as a voting qualification As workers and cities grew percentage of working people, who did not own land grew The non-landowners paid taxes and were interested in politics and they wanted a greater voice Expansion of suffrage was evident in the turnout for the presidential election of 1828 1824 - 355,000 Americans voted for president 1828 – 1.1 million Americans voted for president 1840 – 2 million Americans voted for president Jackson benefited from the large number of new voters Many lived on the frontier and identified with Jackson

7. The Spoils System Jackson believed the majority should rule in a democracy Believed ordinary citizens should play a role in government Spoils System Provided people with federal jobs on the basis of party loyalty John Quincy Adams was shocked Perceived Jackson as a hypocrite for criticizing the corrupt bargain Jackson considered the system democratic because it put an end to a permanent non-elected office-holding class

8. From Caucus to Convention Caucus – members of the party who served in Congress would meet to choose the nominee for president Jackson believed that the caucus system restricted nominations to the elite and well-connected Jacksonians replaced the caucus with a national nominating convention Delegates from states would gather to decide the party’s presidential nominee (people not elite would vote) Democrats held a convention and re-nominated Andrew Jackson for presidential 1832

10. The Debate Over Nullification Early 1800s, South Carolina’s economy decline Purchased many material goods from England Paid high prices due to the tariff Congress levied a new tariff in 1828 Critics called in the Tariff of Abominations Many South Carolinians threatened to secede or withdraw from the Union South Carolinian VP Calhoun torn between upholding the constitution and helping his state Calhoun anonymously published a work supporting nullification States had the right to declare a federal law null and void Senator Robert Hayes of South Carolina and Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster debated the issue for several days in the Senate

11. Jackson Defends the Union Jackson decided against supporting nullification In 1832 Congress passed another Tariff Law As requested by Jackson the new reduced tariffs The South Carolina State Senate called for a convention The convention adopted an ordinance to nullify the tariffs of 1828 and 1832, declaring the tariffs unconstitutional Jackson considered the nullification an act of treason Force Bill (1933) – Congress gave the president the power to enact military force to enforce acts of Congress Henry Clay pushed through a bill that would lower the tariff until 1842 South Carolina withdrew nullification and the crisis was averted

12. Policies Toward Native Americans In his inaugural address he declared his intention to move all Native Americans to the Great Plains Idea had been proposed since the Louisiana Purchase Many Americans believed the Great Plains was a wasteland that would never be settled Indian Removal Act – Pushed through Congress by Jackson in 1830 Most Native Americans gave in and resettled

13. Trail of Tears Cherokee of Georgia did not agree to resettle They had adopted many aspects of white culture Written language, had a written constitution, sent many children to schools established by White Missionaries Hired lawyers to sue the state and challenge removal Worcester v. Georgia In 1832 Chief Justice Marshall ordered state officials to honor Cherokee property rights Jackson refused to support the decision Jackson’s successor Martin Van Buren sent the army to force the remain people from their homes and marched them to Oklahoma 2,000 Cherokee died on the March 2,000 died of starvation, disease, and exposure Opposition to Indian Removal National Republicans, Quakers, and Methodists.

14. Jackson Battles the Bank Jackson regarded the Bank as a monopoly that benefited the wealthy elite Did not like practice of the National Bank collecting bank notes to limit state lending Congress issued a bill in 1832 to extend the Bank’s charter for 20 years Congress passed the bill, but Jackson vetoed it. Most Americans supported Jackson as he won the 1832 election Took his win as a mandate to destroy the Bank Placed federal funds in State Banks and the bank ended Bank did not last until the end of the Charter in 1836 Whigs emerged to oppose Jackson Favored a strong federal government and support for industrial and commercial development

15. Martin Van Buren The Whigs were united in opposing Jackson Unable to settle on a leader Nation’s continuing prosperity helped Democrat Martin Van Buren defeat the Whigs, who ran three candidates for president. Van Buren won the election of 1836 Panic of 1837 Crippling economic crisis Banks and businesses failed Thousands of farmers lost their land Unemployment soared among factory workers Van Buren did little to ease the crisis

17. “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” Whigs looked forward to ousting the Democrats in 1840 Democrat William Henry Harrison and Southern and former Democrat John Tyler who left over nullification joined as the VP vs. Van Buren Harrison won a decisive victory 234 electoral votes to 60, popular vote was closer Insisted on not wearing a hat or coat during the inauguration speech came down with pneumonia, died 32 Days Later Tyler became president Shocked Whig leaders Tyler opposed many Whig policies and was placed on the ticket to attract Southern Voters Whigs tried to push through a Third National Bank and higher tariffs, but Tyler sided with the Democrats on these key issues Foreign relations occupied nations attention 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty established border of US and Canada from Maine to Minnesota

19. Harrison and VP John Tyler (9 and 10)

20. Objectives Explain how expanding voting rights made the nation more democratic and how this helped Andrew Jackson win the election of 1828. Describe why Andrew Jackson opposed South Carolina’s nullification vote, supported the Indian Removal Act, and closed the Bank of the United States.