1. IONIC & COVALENT BONDING ZUMDAHL CH 2 HS-PS1-_____

2. IONIC BONDING ONE ATOM TAKES ELECTRON FROM ANOTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS— ADD TO YOUR NOTES! Atoms want to become stable. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS— ADD TO YOUR NOTES!

3. IONIC BONDING ONE ATOM TAKES ELECTRON FROM ANOTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS— ADD TO YOUR NOTES! Atoms want to become stable. Some want to give electrons to achieve that... IMPORTANT CONCEPTS— ADD TO YOUR NOTES!

4. IONIC BONDING ONE ATOM TAKES ELECTRON FROM ANOTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS— ADD TO YOUR NOTES! Atoms want to become stable. Some want to give electrons to achieve that......some want to take: IMPORTANT CONCEPTS— ADD TO YOUR NOTES!

5. IONIC BONDING ONE ATOM TAKES ELECTRON FROM ANOTHER Cl wants to take an electron. Na wants to give an electron.

6. IONIC BONDING ONE ATOM TAKES ELECTRON FROM ANOTHER Cl wants to take an electron. Na wants to give an electron. When an atom takes an electron, it gets a negative charge. The other atom becomes positive. This is ionic bonding. NaCl = table salt

7. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY If two atoms have approximately the same pull on electrons, they share the electrons (forming a “covalent” bond)

8. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds:

9. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds: SINGLE

10. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds: SINGLE The p orbitals along the nuclear axis overlap and join, creating a single, shared orbital.

11. There are three types of covalent bonds: SINGLE The p orbitals along the nuclear axis overlap and join, creating a single, shared orbital. This type of covalent bond is called an SIGMA (σ) BOND COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY

12. There are three types of covalent bonds: SINGLE The p orbitals along the nuclear axis overlap and join, creating a single, shared orbital. This type of covalent bond is called an SIGMA (σ) BOND COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY

13. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds: DOUBLE p orbitals form σ bond AND vertical p orbitals join above and below nuclear axis in a weaker PI (π) BOND

14. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds: DOUBLE p orbitals form σ bond AND vertical p orbitals join above and below nuclear axis in a weaker PI (π) BOND Remember: p orbitals have two lobes. BOTH lobes from each atom have to overlap to form ONE π bond

15. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds: DOUBLE p orbitals form σ bond AND vertical p orbitals join above and below nuclear axis in a weaker PI (π) BOND Remember: p orbitals have two lobes. BOTH lobes from each atom have to overlap to form ONE π bond

16. COVALENT BONDING ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS EVENLY There are three types of covalent bonds: TRIPLE p orbitals form σ bond vertical p orbitals form π bond AND p orbitals parallel to nuclear axis form second PI (π) BOND

17. QUESTION #1 Which is stronger: a sigma bond or a pi bond?

18. QUESTION #2 Which is the strongest of the three covalent bonds?

19. QUESTION #3 What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

20. REVIEW Ionic bond: one atom takes an electron from another

21. REVIEW Ionic bond: one atom takes an electron from another Covalent bond: two atoms share electrons evenly

22. REVIEW Sigma bond: occurs between p orbitals along nuclear axis. Strong bond.

23. REVIEW Sigma bond: occurs between p orbitals along nuclear axis. Strong bond. Pi bond: occurs between p orbitals that do NOT lie along nuclear axis. Weaker bond.