2. The Agricultural Revolution Definition: – A time of dramatically improved farming methods Characteristics of: – Improved methods – Enclosures – Crop rotation

3. The Agricultural Revolution Results of: – Increased food production – Improved living conditions – Increased population – Increased demand for fuel and goods Affect to settlement patterns: – Farmers lost land and moved to cities

4. The Agricultural Revolution laid the foundation for the Industrial Revolution.

5. The Industrial Revolution Definition: – Time of greatly increased output of machine- made goods Characteristics of: – Factories – Improved transportation – New means of production

6. The Industrial Revolution Results of: – Increased output of goods Affect to settlement patters: – Urbanization People left the countryside and moved to cities

7. Why did it begin in England? Natural Resources Water power and coal Iron Ore Rivers Harbors Strength and Stability Expanding economy Investors Highly developed banking system Overseas trade Political stability

8. Positive Aspects of the IR Workers: – Created jobs – Provided hope of improvement in people’s lives. The Environment: – Technological progress and innovation Cities: – Growth – Raised standard of living

9. Negative Aspects of the IR Workers: – Worked about 14 hours a day – Ran dangerous machines The Environment: – Lack of running water – Lack of adequate housing Cities: – No sanitary codes – Workers lived in slums, which were dank* and dirty – Disease was widespread. *dank – uncomfortably damp; chilly and wet Source: The American Heritage Dictionary

10. How did the AR and IR affect the social classes? Small Farmers: – Often lost land and had to move to cities Large Landowners: – Became wealthier through new farming practices Middle Class: – Upper: government employees, doctors, lawyers, factory managers – Lower: factory overseers, skilled workers, printers Factory Workers: – Lived in poor conditions – harsh work conditions, little benefits

11. Emergence of middle class Aristocrats still looked down on middle class Poor workers watched their livelihoods disappear as machines took their jobs. Tensions between the poor and middle class were high. Luddites attacked whole factories beginning in 1811. Mob riots because of poor living and working conditions. Class Tensions