1. Early Childhood Education and Poverty Logan Passera

2. Research Question Does number of children not enrolled in preschool correlate with poverty levels?

3. Literature Review Early childhood education is important time in a child’s life because cognitive and social advancements are made during this time. Doctors even agree that the first five years of life are very significant to a child’s overall development.(Hefferman) Research has proven that attending preschool reduces ones chance of dropping out of school later in life and increases ones chance for future employment.(Lunburg) It has also been discovered that highly educated mothers are more attentive than mothers with less education (Kalil) Studies have also shown children from poverty stricken areas do not perform academically as well as children whose parents are more affluent.(Herman- Smith) Studies have found that adversity index contributes to diversity’s in school readiness. (Brown)

4. Work Cited Brown, E., Moore, C., & Ackerman, B. (2013). Family adversity and inhibitory control for economically disadvantaged children: Preschool relations and associations with school readiness. Journal Of Family Pyschology, 27(3), 443-452. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750526 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750526 Heffernan, H. (1970). `there was a child went forth' —a philosophy of early education. Child Welfare, 49(10), 545-552. Retrieved from http://0- web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6bbc5fcc-d2c2-4ec6- 9472-7eb7be8975ca@sessionmgr114&vid=16&hid=119http://0- web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6bbc5fcc-d2c2-4ec6- 9472-7eb7be8975ca@sessionmgr114&vid=16&hid=119 Herman-Smith, R. (2012). Do preschool programs affect social disadvantage? what social workers should know. National Association of Social Workers, 58(1), 65-73. Retrieved from http://0- web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/detail?vid=4&sid=396b06c2-fb78-4868-a025- d8c87429cc2a@sessionmgr110&hid=119&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==http://0- web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/detail?vid=4&sid=396b06c2-fb78-4868-a025- d8c87429cc2a@sessionmgr110&hid=119&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ Kalil, A., Ryan, R., & Corey, M. (2012). Diverging destinies: maternal education and developmental gradient in time with children. Population Association of America, 49(4), 1361-1383. Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=920c8cd1- a04c-44ef-9c74-992d83f08e45%40sessionmgr114&vid=4&hid=119 Lunenburg, F. (2000). Early childhood education programs can make a difference in academic,economic, and social arenas. Education, 120(3), 519-527. Retrieved from http://0- web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=396b06c2-fb78- 4868-a025-d8c87429cc2a@sessionmgr110&hid=119http://0- web.ebscohost.com.library.lemoyne.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=396b06c2-fb78- 4868-a025-d8c87429cc2a@sessionmgr110&hid=119

5. Data Sources http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/45-children-in- extreme- poverty?loc=1&loct=1#ranking/2/any/true/867/any/326 http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/45-children-in- extreme- poverty?loc=1&loct=1#ranking/2/any/true/867/any/326 Rank of states that have children in extreme poverty from highest percent of poverty to lowest. This data was provided by National KIDS count. http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/7876-children- ages-3-and-4-not-enrolled-in-preschool-by-poverty- status?loc=1&loct=1#ranking/2/any/true/995/4172/15190 http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/7876-children- ages-3-and-4-not-enrolled-in-preschool-by-poverty- status?loc=1&loct=1#ranking/2/any/true/995/4172/15190 Rank of states with children ages three and four not enrolled in preschool, by poverty status. The ranking is from lowest to highest. The data was provided by National KIDS count.

6. Data Analysis 1)Copy and paste data, from datacenter.kidscount.org, into excel. 2)Clean up data. 3)Label each column :location, rank, and percentage. 4)Copy both sets of data into the same excel worksheet. 5)Filter data by alphabetical order. 6) Create pivot table that looks at the average amount of children in extreme poverty. Colum label: Children in extreme poverty Row label: percent of children in extreme poverty Values: Average of Colum 7) Group results into high and low for both column and row.

7. Cont. Data Analysis 8) Insert two 2-D styled column charts for pivot table 9) Insert title.

8. Findings Enrollment only slightly effects poverty rates.