1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Nitrate and Groundwater Flow to Springs in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Lower ACF—Chipola Basin by Christy Crandall

2. Objectives of Study—2007 through 2009 1) To quantify groundwater travel times areas contributing recharge hydrologic and geochemical processes occurring along flowpaths 2) Test 3 nitrogen management scenarios from 2002 through 2050 in areas contributing recharge to Jackson Blue, Baltzell Group, and Sandbag Springs. Cessation of nitrogen input after 2001 4 percent decline per year of nitrogen input Maintain nitrogen input at 2001 levels

3. Study Area

4. Lower ACF Basin Elevation Streams Physiographic provinves

5. Floridan Aquifer System Named Springs Mapped Closed-basin depressions Confinement Status

6. Crack-in-the-woods Spring in the Chipola River Bed

9. Approximately 50 % of the Land Use is Agriculture

11. ACFB agricultural land use study -- trend data for nitrate

12. Regional Model

13. Sub-Models And Selected Groundwater sites

14. Results

16. STATION IDSTATION NAME WELL DEPTHDODOCFENO 3 as NN15/N14 305725085094102MALONE No. 02 1156.6<0.3<66.433.46 305219085144901JAPSTER001 378.50.6<66.393.85 304948085140501BALTZELL SPRING GROUP --9.5<0.2<63.743.13 304746085223201CITY OF COTTONDALE NO.3, 1283.00.6300.997.36 304707085153301HUTTON 708.00.4<60.377.62 304718085132000SAND BAG SPRING --5.4<0.3<60.497.01 305137085060301NWFWMD 80 658.5<0.4<63.812.00 305025085082101NWFWMD 85 857.0<0.3<63.272.23 02358795JACKSON BLUE SPRING --10.<0.3<63.242.31 Water Quality Results

17. AGE OF RECHARGE WATER AND PARTICLE TRACKING RESULTS

18. Preliminary Age Dating Results

19. pART Particle Age and Area Contributing Recharge to Springs

20. StatisticSandbagJacksonBaltzell Maximum50.6978.2345.65 Minimum7.910.010.12 Average21.119.8217.54 Median20.448.4914.05 Standard Deviation10.666.4611.49

21. NITRATE IN THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER AND SCENARIOS

22. Uncertainties of Fertilizer Data Locations of use? K Jackson County, Florida, 1945 to 2001 Nitrate-N in mg/L

23. Estimated changes in nitrate concentrations in Jackson Blue, Baltzell Group, and Sandbag Spring from 2002 through 2050 with 3 different management scenarios Cessation of nitrogen input after 2001 4 percent decline per year of nitrogen input Maintain nitrogen input at 2001 levels

24. Estimated changes in nitrate concentrations in Jackson Blue Spring from 2002 through 2050 with 3 different management scenarios

25. Estimated changes in nitrate concentrations in Baltzell Spring Group from 2002 through 2050 with 3 different management scenarios

26. Estimated changes in nitrate concentrations in Sandbag Spring from 2002 through 2050 with 3 different management scenarios

27. Future of Study

28. Future Directions--Large Objectives  Develop linked groundwater/surface water model to calculate daily stage, stream flux, and head, as a function of pumpage, rainfall, upstream conditions, climate events, and dam releases through 2050

29. Future Directions—my tasks  Convert Current Model to transient flow model  Use more sophisticated unsaturated flow and streamflow routing to account for aquifer- stream interaction, evaporation and recharge in the surficial aquifer/residium.  Calibrate transient model for 1978 to 2008 recharge, stream and spring flow and pumpage conditions.