2. Phylum and Subclasses Phylum: Mammalia Subclasses: Monotremes –Lay eggs Marsupials –Very immature young, females usually have pouches Placentals –Develop young in placenta when unborn

3. Mammal Subclasses

4. Subgroups Orders –Monotremata (Platypus) –Didelphinorphia (Opossum) –Paucituberculata (Shrew) –Microbiotheria (Colocolo) –Dasyuromorphia (Tasmanian Devil) –Peramelemorphia (Bandicoot) –Notoryctemorphia (Marsupial Mole) –Diprotodonta (Kangaroo) –Xenarthra (Armadillo) –Pholidota (Pangolin)

5. Subgroups Continued Lagmorpha (Rabbit) Rodonetia (Rat) Macroscelidae (Elephant Shrew) Insectivora (Hedgehog) Scandentia (Treeshrew) Primates (Gorilla) Dermoptera (Cobego) Chiroptera (Bat) Carnivora (Weasel) Tubulidentata (Aardvark) Artiodactyla (Giraffe) Cetacea (Whale) Perissodactyla (Horse) Hyracoidea (Hyrax) Proboscidea (Elephant) Sirenia (Manatee)

6. Habitat and Food Source Can live anywhere from oceans to deserts to the Arctic Food source can be anything Includes: Carnivores- meat only Herbivores- plants only Omnivores- plants and meat

7. Importance to Humans Humans are mammals themselves Provide a food source (meat products) Pets (dogs, cats, horses, e.g.)

8. Unique Characteristics All have hair or fur Large complex brains Backbone Developed senses Some can swim Visual, vocal, and/or olfactory means of communication Family and social groups Most diverse group

9. For More Unique Characteristics of Mammals

10. Support Structures All have endoskeletons –Endoskeleton is a skeleton inside the body Are made of bones Backbone Some have tails for balance

11. Respiration or Gas Exchange Receive oxygen, release carbon dioxide Lungs support the high Metabolic Rate Lungs have Alveoli (Gas Sacs) –Humans have 300,000,000 Alveoli Have a diaphragm –Moves air in and out

12. Reproductive System Reproduce sexually Have a penis or uterus Some lay eggs Most have placentas Life cycle is: –Birth >> growth >> death

13. Nervous/Sensory System All have a large complex brain All have a backbone Spinal cords which connect to muscles, organs and skin Nerves give them feeling

14. Circulatory System Warm blooded Blood carried from heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart Vessels used to transport Pump pushes blood (heartbeat)

15. Video

16. Excretory System Blood flows to Kidney Ureter drains kidney Kidney drains into urinary bladder Urine exits bladder through urethra

17. Digestive System Substance is transported to stomach with esophagus Stomach secretes gastric acids to kill bacteria and break down substance Small Intestine does most of absorption of substance Large Intestine at end of small intestine gathers water lost in previous processes Waste is stored in the rectum until it is released

18. Examples

19. Works Cited Bowen, Richard. “Digestive System Anatomy.” About.com. 2008. 27 Mar. 2008. Carter, J. Stein. “Respiratory System.” UC.edu. 2004. 2 Apr. 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica. “Respiration: Mammals.” Britannica.com. 2008. 2 Apr. 2008. Enriched Learning. “All About Mammals.” Enrichedlearning.com. 2002. 6 Apr. 2008. Miller, Kenneth R. and Joseph Levine. Biology: The Living Science.” Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. 729- 736. Ramel, Gordon. “The Mammalian Skeleton.” Earth Life. 7 Jan. 2008. 27 Mar. 2008. Whitfield, Philip. Animals: Mammals. 1 ed. 3 vols. New York, NY: Macmillan. Library Reference, 1999.