1. New Practical English 4 Trying Your Hand Applied Writing Functional Writing

2. New Practical English 4 Applied Writing Light Pollution Program Light Pollution Program This is an educational program about Light Pollution. It has been arranged through the Ministry of Education and Religion with support and finance from the local government. The two- year program will run from 2003 to 2005. The program’s targets are to: 1_______________________ （使学生熟悉） the problems of Light Pollution and study the problems through Astronomy, Physics and Computer Science; Read the following information about a light pollution program and complete it by translating the Chinese into English. Familiarize students with

3. New Practical English 4 Applied Writing Light Pollution Program Light Pollution Program 2_________________________________________________ （思考光污染的文化和社会影响 ). Through this program the participating students will study the problem and in particular will 3 ____________________________________ （促进群体之间的 协作 ), taking initiatives in order to grow as future citizens and 4 _________________________ （为我们的文化作贡献 ). For that purpose we will cooperate with universities, power companies, and the local authorities, societies and associations. We thus ask everyone who is interested to 5 ___________________________________________ （与我们一起 实施这一计划，使之圆满成功 ). Consider the cultural and social impacts of Light Pollution promote the collaboration between groups to contribute to our culture join with us in making this a successful project

4. New Practical English 4 Applied Writing 参考译文 防止光污染计划 这是一个防止光污染的教育计划。是由教育宗教部部署并得到地 方政府的支持和财政帮助。这一个两年计划将从 2003 持续到 2005 年。 计划的目的是： 1 ）使学生熟悉光污染问题并通过天文学、物理学及计算机科学来学习 光污染问题。 2 ）思考光污染的文化和社会影响。通过这项活动，参加者将研究光污 染问题，促进群体之间的协作，为成长为未来公民积极行动并为我们 的文化做出贡献。为达到这些目的，我们将与气象台、高校、电力公 司及地方当局和协会合作。 因此我们请求有意者与我们一起实施这一计划，使之圆满成功。 Read the following advertisement of the short courses offered by Binhai Normal University and put the Chinese parts into English.

5. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing Organizing a Composition In an English proficiency test it is often required that a composition of more than 100 words should be finished in thirty minutes. Very often you need to write three paragraphs to develop your thoughts and feelings. You’d better put a topic sentence in a paragraph to state its main idea, and then exemplify the main idea with a few supporting sentences. Thus making a paragraph outline is helpful for writing a well-organized essay. The following is an example.

6. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing Organizing a Composition Title Fast Food Paragraph outline 1The popularity of fast foods 2The reasons why people like fast foods 3The disadvantages of fast foods

7. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing Fast Food Fast food is very popular nowadays. It is food that has already been prepared, such as snack noodles, fried potato chips and hamburgers. With the quickening living pace, fast food that is easy to get and eat becomes more and more welcome among the working class. People like to buy fast food because it saves them time. Fast food frees us from kitchen chores such as cooking and washing. The food can be

8. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing cooked easily and sold by restaurants to be eaten quickly or taken away. Therefore, a restaurant selling such food is usually called a takeaway. The takeaways and their fast food give busy people much convenience. But fast food has less nutritive value than homemade dishes. That is part of the cost people pay for convenience. Those who eat fast food regularly are more likely to suffer from lack of vitamins. So I’d like to warn those who are busy with their work and study to have less fast food for the sake of their health.

9. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing Organizing a Composition Write a composition on the topic The Positive and Negative Effects of Computers based on the paragraph outline given below. Paragraph Outline 1 电脑在当今社会中发挥越来越大的作用 2 电脑的优点 3 电脑的缺点

10. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing The Positive and Negative Effects of Computers It is generally accepted that computers benefit human beings in many ways, but they have also caused many problems. Apparently computers have both advantages and disadvantages.

11. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing Computers are being used more and more widely in the world today, for the simplest reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. Computers have much better memories and can do calculations in a fraction of the time taken by a human mathematician. They can pay wages, reserve seats on a plane, play chess, write poetry, or even compose music. Nowadays, it is very convenient and economical to do anything on the Internet, such as sending or receiving email, shopping, advertising, making friends, and entertaining. Computers have been making the whole world much more advanced and civilized than ever before.

12. New Practical English 4 Functional Writing However, computers have been creating many problems. First, viruses arise frequently, cause losses of millions of dollars and ruin countless projects each year. Secondly, some computer “experts” make huge amounts of money by cheating a computer system, and they are very difficult to catch. What is worse, some people transmit pornographic information or pictures on the Internet, which is harmful to young people. Despite their disadvantages, computers have brought us far more benefits than troubles.