1. Johanna Tuñon, EdD tunon@nsu.nova.edu (800) 541-6682 ext. 4608 1 Alvin Sherman

2. Test Your Knowledge of APA: 1.A total of 9 students got on the bus. 2.24% students went to school. 3. The president used the term “Axis of Evil” (2001, p. 234). Are these formatted correctly?

3. Test Your Knowledge of APA: 4. Lewis, J., & Clark, B. (2002). A Journey to the Ends of the Earth. Chicago: Sage.

4. Test Your Knowledge of APA: 5. S. Johnson and P. Smith. Voyage to the bottom of the aquarium. (2006). Science Teacher, 18, 24-26. Retrieved February 26, 2007, from http://hwwilsonweb. com/ScienceTeacher/18/Johnson Smith.html.

5. Test Your Knowledge of APA: 6. APA documents should have 1/2 inch margins. 7. APA documents should be single spaced. 8. References are listed in alphabetical order by title of the book. 9. The font size should use either Comic Sans or Ariel. 10. When exact words are quoted, the author’s last name and year of publication are required but it is not necessary to include the page number. True or False:

6. Title page Document format Quoting and citing resources Reference list What Students Need to Know About APA:

7. Top third of page Title Middle third of page Name Course number and CRN Name of course Bottom third of page Name of institution Date Format for Title Page

8. Academic institutions set guidelines for title pages for assignments What Students Need to Know About APA Student’s Name Course code and CRN: Title of course: Title: By Laura Lucio Ramirez CUR 526 24022 Educational Research for Practitioners Institution Month day, year Nova Southeastern University April 1, 2007

9. Pagination Margins, fonts, line spacing Format of title and headings Numbers Parenthetical citations Document Format

10. 2 Use double-spacing throughout the paper including the title page, abstract, body of the document, reference list, appendixes, tables, and figure captions. APA does permit single spacing within references but double spacing between references (see Publication Manual, p. 323). Major headings are centered. The first word of the heading is capitalized as well as all major words. Articles, short prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions, however, are not capitalized (Falcao, 2005). Other issues also need to be considered. Students and teachers alike need to pay attention to using subheadings. For example, Page #s 12 pt font Times New Roman or Courier Double spaced Indented Left justified No bolding No underlining No bullets APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments

11. 2 Use double-spacing throughout the paper including the title page, abstract, body of the document, reference list, appendixes, tables, and figure captions. APA does permit single spacing within references but double spacing between references. (See p. 326 of the Publication Manual.) Major headings are centered. The first word of the heading is capitalized as well as all major words. Articles, short prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions, however, are not capitalized (Falcao, 2005). Other issues also need to be considered. Students and teachers alike need to pay attention to using subheadings. For example, 1 inch margins APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments

12. Headings (p. 113) Use Level 1 Headings for the Title Level 3 – Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lower Case Side Heading

13. Biased and Pejorative Language 1.Homosexuals or 2.Gay men and lesbians 

14. Biased and Pejorative Language 1.Homosexuals or 2.Gay men and lesbians 1.People who have to stay at home or 2.Home bound  

15. Biased and Pejorative Language 1.Homosexuals or 2.Gay men and lesbians 1.People who have to stay at home or 2.Home bound 1.An American boy’s infatuation with football or 2.An American child’s infatuation with football   

16. Copyright Paraphrased quotes Direct quotes Parenthetical citations Quotes and Parenthetical Citations

17. opinions, beliefs, ideas, and theories from any source any information obtained that is not common knowledge direct quotes of the words used verbatim summarized or paraphrased ideas Cite the following:

18. When citing a specific part of a resource or using a direct quote, provide the page number: “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Stonebraker, 2004, p. 237). Vest (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). See APA, p. 213-214

19. When citing a specific part of a resource or using a direct quote, provide the page number: Freud's writing on the topic of dreams (as cited in Steinbrecker, Jones, & Acevedo, 1997) emphasized.... in a definition (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001). A couple experiments (Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... The Web site did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.). See APA manual, pp. 207-213.

20. 1.The theory (Smith, Brown, and Jones, no date) or 2.The theory (Smith, Brown, & Jones, n.d.)  1.Two research studies (APA, 2002; Barnes, 2005) or 2.Two research studies (APA, 2002, & Barnes, 2005)  1. MacDougall (2007, para. 34) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented”. or 2.MacDougall (2007) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented” (Methods section, para. 3). or 3. MacDougall (2007) stated that “the Information Literacy Module need to be implemented.” ( ¶ 34) 

21. Instructors may or may not “want to require an abstract for class assignments. The abstract is a one-paragraph summary or overview of the paper and should summarize the essential content of the paper” (Tunon, 2006, p. 34). Direct quote for less than 40 words: Block quote (more than 40 words): Students at Nova Southeastern University have faced challenges in learning how to use APA formatting. When discussing the challenges, Strunk (1922) stated: Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize the title of a book, journal, … or report when used in the body of the paper. Use a shot [sic] title in the parenthetical citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-periodical titles like books and book titles have all the important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in the reference list. (p. 342) Callahan (2001), however, says …. (NOTE: APA uses double spacing for block quotes.) Note where the periods go!

22. Paraphrasing When President Bush signed the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act into law, it was the country’s most comprehensive education reform of federal education policy in years. NCLB is the foundation for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen the system of education in the U.S. “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2004, p. 212).

23. Paraphrasing When President Bush signed the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act into law, it was the country’s most comprehensive education reform of federal education policy in years. NCLB is the foundation for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen the system of education in the U.S. “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2004, p. 212).

24. Paraphrasing “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2004, p. 212). When the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act was signed into law in January of 2002 by President Bush, the law provided the most sweeping education reform in the United States in decades and provided a foundation for strengthening educational policy at the national level for years to come (Smith, 2004). When President Bush signed the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act into law, it was the country’s most comprehensive education reform of federal education policy in years. NCLB is the foundation for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen the system of education in the U.S.

25. Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) American Library Association (ALA) Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) Fischler School of Education and Human Services (FSEHS) Nova Southeastern University (NSU) Abbreviations

26. Use figures for numbers 10 and above: 343 students in 26 classes The numbers between one and nine should be spelled out: A total of six experiments went awry. Exceptions Numbers above and below 10 grouped for comparison: 3 of 15 students The school needs 4 teachers and 11 staff people. Numbers representing time, dates, and age 3 months ago, April 16, 1 hr 10 min Numbers: See APA pp. 122-125

27. Numbers denoting a specific place in a series, book, or table Table 5, Session 3 page 232 Use words for numbers below 10 that do not represent precise measurements: eight items nine pages Use words for numbers beginning a sentence, title, or heading: Twenty-four percent replied.... Nineteen students improved. Numbers, cont. More exceptions:

28. In Grade 1, the students … (APA, p. 125f)

29. In first grade, the students… (APA, p. 125f) but In 12th grade, the students …

30. In Grade 1, the students … (APA, p. 125f) In first grade, the students… (APA, p. 125f) but In 12th grade, the students … (Do NOT use 12 th grade) Twelfth grade presents….

31. In Grade 1, the students … (APA, p. 125f) In first grade, the students… (APA, p. 125f) but In 12th grade, the students … (Do NOT use 12 th grade) Twelfth grade presents…. The first-grade students … (hyphenated compound adjective APA, p. 91) but The 12th-grade students (APA p. 128, 3.45)

32. In Grade 1, the students … (APA, p. 125f) In first grade, the students… (APA, p. 125f) but In 12th grade, the students … (Do NOT use 12 th grade) Twelfth grade presents…. The first-grade students … (hyphenated compound adjective APA, p. 91) but The 12th-grade students (APA p. 128, 3.45) The 6th-grade did better than the 10th-grade.

33. In Grade 1, the students … (APA, p. 125f) In first grade, the students… (APA, p. 125f) but In 12th grade, the students … (Do NOT use 12 th grade) Twelfth grade presents…. The first-grade students … (hyphenated compound adjective APA, p. 91) but The 12th-grade students (APA p. 128, 3.45) The 6th grade did better than the 10th grade. Ordinal -- The first graders (APA, 3.43a) Cardinal -- The first grades (APA. 3.43a)

34. In Grade 1, the students … (APA, p. 125f) In first grade, the students… (APA, p. 125f) but In 12th grade, the students … (Do NOT use 12 th grade) Twelfth grade presents…. The first-grade students … (hyphenated compound adjective APA, p. 91) but The 12th-grade students (APA p. 128, 3.45) The 6th grade did better than the 10th grade. Ordinal -- The first graders (APA, 3.43a) Cardinal -- The first grades (APA. 3.43a) twenty 6-year-olds (back-to-back modifiers, APA, p. 127)

35. 1.Tenth-grade students ate in the cafeteria. or 2. 10th-grade students ate in the cafeteria. 1.The seventh grade went on a field trip. or 2. The 7th grade went on a field trip. 1.Students in Grades 4 and 5 took the test. or 2.Students in grades 4 and 5 took the test. or 3. Students in grades four and five took the test. 1.The 7th grade did better than the 10th grade. or 2.The seventh grade did better than the tenth grade. or 3. The seventh grade did better than the 10th grade.    

36. Compound-Adjectives Role playing High anxiety Seventh grade Role-playing technique High-anxiety situations Seventh-grade students but Type II error Post hoc comparisons

37. Commas Between independent clauses: Jane went to school, but Dick stayed home. Series of three or more Jane, Dick, and Harry argued about money. Nonessential or nonrestictive clauses Direct TV, which is available in south Florida, offers some nice features. Use commas: But: Not to separate a compound predicate Jane baked a cake and worked on her homework.

38. Only One Space after Punctuation Periods at the end of a sentence: Students’ scores improved. The study demonstrated that … Colons: For example, the colon should… In citations – Brown, J. D. (2003). The …

39. APA Web Site: Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html Dictionary Electronic Media Spelling Guide – e-journal – e-mail – Internet – online – PDF – URL – Web Abbreviations accepted as words: –IQ –REM –ESP –AIDS Use there is a choice of spellings, use first spelling listed. Compound words like follow up, follow-up, or followup

40. References Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2001). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, 1148-1156. Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, 459-479. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), 153-163. Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Retrieved July 10, 2004, from Expanded Academic Index database. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp. 381-391). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2000). Introductory concepts in information science. Medford, NJ: Information Today. O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2005). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag. Page entitled References Hanging indentations Single space in citations Double space between citations Use italics, do not underline Alphabetical order, Then by date 32 Reference Page

41. References Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2001). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, 1148-1156. Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, 459-479. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), 153-163. Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Retrieved July 10, 2004, from Expanded Academic Index database. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp. 381-391). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2000). Introductory concepts in information science. Medford, NJ: Information Today. O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2005). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag. Page entitled References Hanging indentations Single space in citations Double space between citations Use italics, do not underline Alphabetical order, Then by date Retrieval statements 32 Reference Page

42. Using Microsoft Word’s formatting for Hanging Indentations Go to Format. Select Paragraph. In Indents and Spacing Go to the Special section. Select Hanging.

43. Example: Database vendors that have the ERIC database.

44. How to Cite a Journal Article Retrieved Online

45. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. D. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Author(s) See APA manual, p. 279, #91 Initials, not first names Ampersand (&), not the word and Comma before the ampersand. Space between initials

46. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. D. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Year of publication See APA manual, p. 279, #91 Enclosed in parentheses Period after the parentheses No month or day if the publication is a journal, not a magazine, newsletter, or newspaper article.

47. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. D. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Article title See APA manual, p. 279, #91 Only first word in title and subtitle should be be capitalized as well as any proper names. A period at the end of the title. Only one space after the period, not two.

48. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. D. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Journal title See APA manual, p. 279, #91 Journal title should have all important words capitalized. It is italicized The journal title is followed by a comma

49. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. D. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Volume, issue, and page number(s) See APA manual, p. 279, #91 The volume number is italicized There should be no space between the volume number and issue number Enclose issue number in parentheses and follow by a comma Do not use p. or pp. for journal articles.

50. Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. D. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved June 1, 2006, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Retrieval statement Spell out the date of retrieval Include a comma after the year Include the word “database” after the proper name of the database.

51. Articles Retrieved Online Are Not Always Identical Most online articles have been slightly modified or include additional data.

52. Education Full Text -- HTML Expanded Academic ASAP – text + graphics

53. Education Full Text -- PDFExpanded Academic ASAP -- PDF

54. Retrieved Online Clark, K. F. (2004). What can I say besides “sound it out”? Coaching word recognition in beginning reading. The Reading Teacher, 57, 440-449. Retrieved July 6, 2006, from Education Full Text database. Clark, K. F. (2004). What can I say besides “sound it out”? Coaching word recognition in beginning reading. The Reading Teacher, 57, 440-449. Retrieved July 6, 2006, from http:// www.reading.org/publications/journals/rt/clark2004.pdf Clark, K. F. (2004). What can I say besides “sound it out”? Coaching word recognition in beginning reading [Electronic version]. The Reading Teacher, 57, 440-449.

55. Journal articles are no longer static: This open-access journal article, originally posted on the Web on August 20, 2005, has been updated three times with new information.

56. Journal Citations Citations of journal articles – Include issue number if the pagination of journal is by issue number. –Do not include issue number if the pagination of the journal is continuous throughout the volume. APA manual p. 240 # 1 and 2 Journal of Reading Volume 16 2004

57. VandenBos, G. (2001). Role of the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 317-323. VandenBos, G. (2001). Role of the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5(4), 17-23. Continuous pagination is through volume: Pagination starts with page 1 in each issue:

58. Internet articles based on a print source Exact duplicate (APA manual, p. 271) : VandenBos, G. (2001). Role of the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Document that has changes (format differs from print version) (APA manual, p. 272) VandenBos, G. (2001). Role of the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved April 13, 2007, from http://jbr.org/articles.html

59. Location and Publisher Info Use state abbreviations: FL, TX, NY, CA, DC Cities that do not include state abbreviation: –Baltimore –Boston –Chicago –Los Angeles –New York –Philadelphia –San Francisco Leave off superfluous terms: –Publishers –Co. or Company –Inc. Retain the words: –Books –Press For example: Erlbaum, John Wiley, University of Toronto Press, Penguin Books But U.S.

60. Citation of a work discussed in a secondary source Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993) … Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993.) Models of reading aloud. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608. Text citation: Reference list entry:

61. APA’s only example of an ERIC ED document Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI. National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED346082)

66. APA example again Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED346082)

67. https://www.nova.edu/common-lib/ISI/ http://www.nova.edu/library/dils/tutorials/endnote/

69. Thank You! Johanna Tunon tunon@nova.edutunon@nova.edu