1. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 1 2011 Testbeam Plans Working towards an LHCb Infrastructure VELO Upgrade Electronics Meeting – Oxford Richard Plackett, University of Glasgow

2. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 2 Outline Telescope Upgrades Current Status Comoditisation Cooling Upgrades LHCb Semi-Permanent Installation RICH TORCH Scintillating Fiber Tracker VELO Plans Irradiated Detectors planar & 3D Diamond? Module0s

3. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 3 VELO Testbeam Plans Plan to measure a number of new pixel DUTs Already made 3D and 150um n-in-p Medipix3 assemblies 200um p-in-n being delivered from CNM imminently Other DUTs.. Diamond Timepix & FEI4? Need to test, mount and irradiate Also need Medipix3 readouts – single USB2 operated at 50fps – Needs work from experts to be reliable for testbeam High rate Medipix3 readout will be a critical component Should also work to gain experience with the chip and system ASAP

4. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 4 Medipix3 DUT issues Medipix3 is not Timepix - no ToT 130nm so radiation hard enough to survive irradiation as assemblies (unlike Tiempix)‏ two thresholds and counters per pixel so essentially two bits of digital information – some better than pure binary Charge summing will let us reconstruct landaus statistically quite well Chip is still not behaving quite as we hoped so care required

5. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 5 Measurements Clusters in heavily irradiated sensors Resolution & Efficiency measurements Voltage and Threshold scans

6. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 6 New Timepix and Medipix3 Chips New Medipix2 Collaboration production of Timepix assemblies ongoing – results in Feb/March New Assemblies for the Telescope, replace high threshold IZM assmelbies New bumped chips available for R&D Also an LHCb Timepix Wafer we could have bumped and be ready for new sensors Medipix3 ‘respin’ will probably go ahead meaning improved Mpx3s will be available next year as well

7. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 7 2010 Timepix Telescope 6 pixel telescope planes angled in 2 dimensions to optimise resolution Device Under Test moved and rotated via remote controlled stepper motor Fine pitch strip detector with fast electronics readout

8. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 8 2010 Testbeam Activity Significant increase in activity 3 beam periods as main user Time Tagging System for 40MHz readouts USB2 and/or RELAXD readouts for faster data rate Up to eight Timepix planes for tracking More accurate and flexible mechanics Many Devices tested –LHCb VELO Prototype strip –DS3D irradiated Timepix, –Float Zone silicon Beetle strip, –BCB silicon Beetle strip –Magnetic CZ silicon Beetle strip –150um silicon Timepix –300um silicon Timepix

9. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 9 RELAXD Telescope – Timepix DUT Cooled DUT Timepix ToT Tracking RELAXD interface Optimised for resolution Eight angled Timepix tracking planes gives a ~1.7um Track Extrapolation Error RELAXD system allowed 55 frames per second readout (~2,500 tracks per second)‏ Each 100,000 point measurement now takes 4 minutes at the SPS NA. Closely spaced (~10mm) tacking planes reduce multiple scattering effects Scintillators to set shutter length to e.g. 100 tracks

10. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 10 Time Resolution for LHC readouts Asynchronous SPS beam not suited to LHC systems designed for 25ns bunch structure Implemented a TDC which with Timepix ToA mode gives us ~1ns per track time stamping Able to provide and record synchronised triggers to 40MHz readout systems (TELL1)‏ Allows software reconstruction and analysis of asynchronous tracks Beetle DUT Timepix ToT Tracking Timepix ToA Track Time Tagging Plane ~100ns Shutter Logic Synchronised Trigger beam TDC

11. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 11 Telescope Status August performance very encouraging Really high performance possibly best available If being honest possibly not yet the most convenient to use Need more stability of readout systems and more preparation

12. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 12 Commoditization Making the Telescope *EASY* to set up and use Making it *HARD* to break 3V 100V Arm Readout RELAXD + PSUs 3V100VVHDCI 240V Ethernet Shutter Busy VHDCI

13. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 13 Cooling Upgrade To operate irradiated assemblies its necessary to cool the sensor to below 0 o C This system achieved a steady temperature of ~-5degrees Moving to CO2 based system -40 degrees removing 120W Water Block Chip and Pyrolytic Graphite 80W Peltier

14. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 14 LHCb Semi-Permanent Installation Attempting to get an installation that can exist in a North Area experimental area for the whole season Still preliminary and need SPS agreement Wont be in place forever, but at least wont have to move it out of the area between runs and can probably retain a barrack Support form LHCb online etc should make setup and running easier Hope to use H8A or H6B (where we were this year and last year)‏ Have asked for 3 ten day periods in May, June and ~October Remaining LHCb activities late in year Sept – Nov Benefit from sharing manpower

15. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 15 RICH and TORCH The RICH and TORCH groups have expressed an interest in using the Telescope Will mount telescope on either side of RICH vessel or Quartz radiator Need to work to integrate readout systems Have asked for ~4 weeks in September and November

16. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 16 Scintillating Fibre Tracker Beetle readout of SciFi tracker should be easy (ish) to integrate Beetle + APD readout of fibres Needs good understanding of motion control to scan over SciFi area Again would like to be late in the season to be ready to run

17. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 17 Conclusions Ambitions program for 2011 Building on strong results from this year Working to make the Telescope better and more convenient The LHCb common testbeam efforts will give us more flexibility and manpower

18. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 18 2009 Testbeam - Proving Timepix for LHCb Main Measurements: 300um silicon and DS3D assemblies Resolution vs Angle Resolution vs Threshold Resolution vs Silicon Bias Efficiency vs Treshold Efficiency vs Bias Timewalk In early 2009 Timepix competing with Btev Fpix design to be upgrade baseline Timepix had not been used at all in a particle tracking application We took the opportunity to run parasitically in LCFI/EUDET and CMS beam periods Running parasitically required us to provide a telescope, which led to this project.

19. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 19 Early Telescopes in 2009 June 2009 : Medipix Testbeam 3 days to demonstrate tracking July 2009 : CMS SiBit beam period Two weeks – parasitic Timepix Telescope 2 Timepix 2 Medipix ~perpendicular No DUT 2 Timepix 4 Medipix ~perpendicular 300um and 3D DUTs Manual angle adjustment

20. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 20 August 2009 Timepix Telescope 4 Timepix, 2 Medipix planes in telescope Symmetric positioning of planes around DUT Telescope planes mounted at nine degrees about x and y to boost resolution (next slide)‏ DUT position and angle controlled remotely by stepper motors 2.3um Track Reconstruction Error ~100Hz track rate 1 frame per second ~100,000 tracks per measurement point ~1.5 hours per point in SPS NA

21. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 21 Angled Planes to Boost Resolution Hits that only affect one pixel have limited resolution (30um region in 55um pixel)‏ Tilting the sensor means all tracks charge share and use the ToT information in centroid, CoG calculations 55um 300um 0o0o Perp ~10um resolution 9 o ~4.2um resolution Indicative Timepix events 55um 300um 9o9o

22. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 22 2010 Timepix Telescope - RELAXD Readout High Resolution Large Area X-Ray Detector RELAXD readout from NIKHEF 55 frames per second over gigabit ethernet

23. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 23 Cooling System To operate irradiated assemblies its necessary to cool the sensor to below 0 o C This system achieved a steady temperature of ~-5degrees Water Block Chip and Pyrolytic Graphite 80W Peltier

24. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 24 2009 Results – Resolution Vs Track Angle Timepix: 55  m pitch Resolution result from 2009 testbeam demonstrating resolution of a Timepix assembly and the performance of the telescope Confirmed Timepix (VELOpix) as baseline for the VELO upgrade Operating point of Telescope planes

25. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 25 2010 preliminary - 150um Sensor Results With a 150um sensor the optimum resolution point is at twice the angle of a 300um The higher data rate has allowed a significant number of measurements to be taken

26. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 26 Sub Pixel Resolution What can we do with so much resolution? An example of different cluster sizes for the track position in the pixel One pixel clusters Two pixel clusters Three pixel clusters Four pixel clusters

27. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 27 2009 Results – 3D Sensors Efficiency The sub-pixel resolution of the telescope allows us to see the efficiency losses due to the anode and cathode wells in the silicon. Perpendicular particles passing through a doped hole will deposit less charge in the silicon Double sided 3D sensor

28. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 28 Efficiency & Noise The Efficiency is measured at ~99.5% when operating above nominal threshold The noise is 0 above 800 electrons Below 800e the efficiency falls due to the discriminator architecture

29. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 29 Telescope Comparisons EUDET Telescope TelescopePixelResolutionTime TagRate Timepix 200955um2.3um100ns100Hz Timepix 201055um1.7um~1ns2.8kHz EUDET (low res)‏18um~2um100us990Hz EUDET (High res)‏10um~1um-300Hz?

30. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 30 Telescope Project Membership A joint project between the Medipix2 and LHCb VELO Collaborations Specifically: Timepix – CERN Medipix Group Mechanics – CERN LHCb Group & Santiago Timepix Readout – NIKHEF & Prague CTU Beetle Readout and DUTs – Santiago and Glasgow Synchronisation Systems – CERN, Glasgow & Santiago Analysis Software – Oxford & CERN with many other contributions In addition the results presented here included significant effort in both data taking and analysis from Syracuse, Liverpool and Erlangen

31. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 31 Using the Telescope Currently working to make it generally available to LHCb community as a whole for Consolidation and Upgrade work Would also like to offer it as a tool to anyone interested here Working hard to commoditise the system and keep it small and portable Can provide significant expert support and help with setup and software Subject to other commitments next year obviously

32. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 32 To Conclude The Timepix Telescope is now extremely competitive in resolution and rate System provides ~ns accurate time tagging in an asynchronous beam First results about to be published and looking very encouraging Capable of integrating 40MHz readout systems and making clock phase measurements Integrated DUT cooling system used this year and being upgraded to CO2 Very happy to discuss using the telescope with other groups

33. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 33 Backup Slides

34. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 34 2009 Results - Timpix ToT Calibration Energy mapping of Timepix calibration is now confirmed with MIPs

35. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 35 Results 2009 - Ikrum Variations TimeAmplifier Response As Ikrum varied, change in ToT range observed and some loss in resolution PRELIMINARY - analysis by D. Hynds

36. Richard Plackett University of Glasgow 36 2010 Telescope in Timepix DUT Configuration Timepix ToT Tracking Timepix DUT Scintillators to set shutter length to e.g. 100 tracks beam Shutter Generator In this configuration the telescope was optimised for running with a Timepix DUT The USB2 readout allowed a 7 frame per second readout rate (700Hz track rate)‏ The all angled six Timepix telescope gives a ~2.0um Track Extrapolation Error