1. Pre-history

2. Key Terms Artifacts Culture Hominids Nomads Hunter-gatherers Agricultural Revolution Domestication Civilization Slash-and-burn farming

3. How do we know about pre-history? Archaeologists Search for evidence of prehistoric people and animals Look for bones and artifacts Artifacts are human- made objects Anthropologists Study culture, or a people’s unique way of life Examine artifacts to re-create a picture of early people’s cultural behaviors

4. Artifacts

5. Stone Age Invention of tools, use of fire, and development of language Paleolithic Age 2.5 million to 8000 B.C. (Ice Age) Earliest stone chopping tools Neolithic Age 8000 to 3000 B.C. Polished stone tools Pottery Grow crops Raise animals

6. Homo Sapiens Neanderthal 200,000 to 30,000 B.C. Developed religious beliefs and rituals Resourceful, using wood and animal bones and skin. Took shelter in caves to survive winter Cro-Magnon 40,000 to 8000 B.C. Pre-historic humans Skeletons identical to modern humans Planned their hunts, studying animal habits Advanced language skills

7. Homo Sapiens NeanderthalCro-Magnon

8. Cave Paintings Oldest ones are about 35,000 years old Purpose of cave paintings still unknown In Europe and Africa they often show images of hunting and daily activities

9. Nomads People that move from place to place searching for new sources of food Those whose food supply depended on hunting animals and collecting plant foods are called hunter-gatherers Technological Revolution Hunter-gatherers invented more than 100 more tools, including knives, fish hooks, and needles Caveman Diet

10. Agricultural Revolution Occurred about 10,000 years ago Scientists believe it may have been due to climate change Provided a steady source of food, instead of always searching for food Slash-and-burn farming is when trees and grasses are cut down and burned to clear a field, the ash fertilizes the soil, plant crops for year or two, move to new area, trees and grasses grow back, and cycle begins over

11. Agricultural Revolution As farming grew, knowledge of the animals led to domestication, or taming, of horses, dogs, goats, and pigs Hunters herded animals into human-made enclosures Provided a constant source of food

12. Civilization As agriculture grew, so did population Economic changes due to irrigation systems The new economic systems led to social changes, forming social classes Five Characteristics of Civilization 1.Advanced cities 2.Specialized workers 3.Complex institutions 4.Record keeping 5.Improved technology

13. Bronze Age Started around 3000 B.C. Discovery that melting copper and tin together made bronze Time when people began making tools out of bronze, instead of copper and stone

14. Reflection What is meant by the term pre- history and why were the cultures of prehistoric times not considered a civilization?